关键词： Bioterror   Botulinum neurotoxin   Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin   Medical countermeasures   Ricin   Staphylococcal enterotoxin B   Toxins  

摘要： Toxins are hazardous biochemical compounds derived from bacteria, fungi, or plants. Some have mechanisms of action and physical properties that make them amenable for use as potential warfare agents. Currently, some toxins are classified as potential biological weapons, although they have several differences from classic living bio-terror pathogens and some similarities to manmade chemical warfare agents. This review focuses on category A and B bio-terror toxins recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Botulinum neurotoxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin, and ricin. Their derivation, pathogenesis, mechanism of action, associated clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed in detail. Given their expected covert use, the primary diagnostic challenge in toxin exposure is the early detection of morbidity clusters, apart from background morbidity, after a relatively short incubation period. For this reason, it is important that clinicians be familiar with the clinical manifestations of toxins and the appropriate methods of management and countermeasures.

关键词： 世界卫生组织   动物疾病   生物武器   国际社会   疾病传播   官员  

摘要： 世卫官员：严防动物疾病被用作生物武器 世界卫生组织（WHO）官员于6月30日呼吁,国际社会应更广泛合作,防止源自动物的疾病传播;该组织指出,其中一些能侵害人类的疾病,可能被人制成生物武器。

关键词： electronic commerce   Terrorism   biological weapons   nonproliferation  

摘要： International treaties and export controls have reduced the risk that biological weapons or the means to make them can be acquired by rogue states or terrorists. However, the emergence of Internet commerce has put these safeguards on the trade of dual-use equipment at risk.

关键词： 化学武器   生物武器   医学防护   美军  

摘要： 美军认为,化生威胁将在21世纪凸显。我们根据美国防部每年度公布的化生防护计划（CBDP）进展报告及相关资料,将美军近年来化生防护研究进展情况介绍如下。 1生物监测 尽早预警可避免遭受化生战剂的污染或感染,减少危害区内造成的伤亡。为此,美国政府于2012年7月发布《生物监测国家战略》,将生物监测上升到国家战略层面,提出建立＂高效整合的国家生物监测体系＂。其主要研究进展有以下几个方面。

关键词： 疾病检测   世界动物卫生组织   灾难   保护   早期   世界卫生组织   生物武器   动物疾病  

摘要： All around the world, animal disease agents, including those transmissible to humans, have the potential to escape by accidentfrom laboratories or to be used as biological weapons because of their wide ranging economic, health and social impacts, their low cost and their ready availability The World Organisation for Animal Health （OIE） Global Conference on Biological Threat Reduction, held in collaboration with the World Health Organisation （WHO）, brought together key actors from international organisations and national governments to agree on priority actions and common messages.

关键词： 战场   军用   第二次世界大战   八卦   媒体报道   生物武器   化学武器   装备使用  

摘要： 在今年5月举行的俄罗斯突击战备检查期间，有媒体报道称俄罗斯陆军的三防部队（防核，防生物武器，防化学武器）使用了代号为“ТДА”的军用喷烟车用于掩护己方重要目标，格外引人注目。喷烟技术的应用 喷烟技术在战场上的应用可以追溯到第二次世界大战。当时，苏联红军曾经大量装备使用能够喷发烟幕的设备，例如烟幕弹和简易发烟机。

关键词： Biodefense   Biological warfare   Biological weapons convention   Biosecurity   Bioterrorism  

摘要： This article critically reviews the literature on the history of biological warfare, bioterrorism, and biocrimes. The first serious effort to review this entire history, made in 1969, had numerous limitations. In recent decades, several authors have filled many of the gaps in our understanding of the past use of biological agents (including both pathogens and toxins), making it possible to reconstruct that history with greater fidelity than previously possible. Nevertheless, there are numerous remaining gaps, and closer inspection indicates that some supposed uses of biological weapons never took place or are poorly substantiated. Topics requiring additional research are identified.

关键词： 禁止生物武器公约   兽医   履约  

摘要： 简要介绍了《禁止生物武器公约》产生背景、发展历史、主要内容、组织结构、履约方式及其在国际军控领域所起的作用以及我国兽医领域履约成效,对未来履约工作进行了深入思考,提出了加强组织建设、加快国家生物安全体系建设、加强国家生防能力建设、加大生物安全和科学家行为准则、职业道德宣传教育和强化生物安全监管合作与交流的建议。

关键词： 动物疾病   生物武器   官员   世卫  

摘要： 世界卫生组织(WHO)官员于6月30日呼吁,国际社会应更广泛合作,防止源自动物的疾病传播;该组织指出,其中一些能侵害人类的疾病,可能被人制成生物武器。报道称,世界动物卫生组织(OIE)主席瓦拉特表示,有60%的人类疾病来自动物带菌者,而80%可被用作生物恐怖袭击的病菌源自动物。瓦拉特当天在巴黎记者会上讲解降低生物武器

关键词： 埃博拉病毒   扎伊尔   生物恐怖剂   刚果(金,利)   埃博拉病毒病   虫媒病毒   出血热病毒   细菌战剂   生物武器   生物战剂   游戏  

摘要： 《现代瘟疫:埃博拉病毒病》杨瑞馥刘超夏晓东主编科学出版社出版本书全面梳理了埃博拉病毒病的研究进展,从病毒的发现、流行、生态、致病、免疫、诊断、预防与治疗等,为该病的防治奠定理论基础。从实践出发,全面总结埃博拉病毒的发现、流行和生态等方面的研究进展,为我国应对埃博拉疫情奠定理论基础。潜在的生物战剂、生物恐怖剂生物恐怖问题由来已久,但直到美国"911"事件中炭疽芽孢恐怖