关键词： Biological Warfare/legislation & jurisprudence*   International Cooperation*   Jurisprudence   War Crimes*  

摘要： Editorial. Focuses on the international agreement on manufacturing chemical or biological weapons under international law in the U.S. Renouncement of biological weapons program; Acceptance of the prohibition of genocide; Enhancement of international peace security.

关键词： 北大海洋公约组织   核武器   生物武器   化学武器   国际安全  

关键词： 微生物   生物武器   有机物   电能   醋酸盐   电子   基本原理  

摘要： 你可想过，在未来的某一天，士兵们会穿上一种含有微生物的马夹，而这种微生物就是一种生物武器；或者是可以发射生物武器的无人操纵的潜水艇和水下感知装置。由马萨赛诸州大学的微生物学家们主持的这一研究发现，一些特定的微生物可以把在海底很容易发现的有机物转变成电能。

关键词： 生物技术   生物武器   基因武器   军事医学   基因工程  

摘要： 回顾20世纪科学发展史就会发现,任何一项重大的科技成果都与军事有着千丝万缕的联系.因此,人们在对生物技术和基因研究的突破性发展感到欢欣鼓舞之时,也应保持高度警觉--防止这一成果被用于军事目的.

关键词： 人类基因组   基因武器   杀伤力   生物武器  

关键词： BIOLOGICAL weapons   WORLD politics  

摘要： This article analyzes the role of biological weapons in international politics. In order to understand why states might want these weapons, I examine the utility of biological weapons as counterforce weapons on the battlefield as well as their ability to serve as a strategic deterrent. I argue that despite recent scientific advances, biological weapons are not well suited to battlefield use. Instead, it is the ability of biological weapons to serve as a strategic deterrent that makes them attractive to states. Although there is greater uncertainty about the effects of a biological attack than there is about the effects of a nuclear attack, I argue that the potential destructiveness of a biological attack is great enough to compensate;even a small probability of a successful retaliatory strike with biological weapons should deter an attack on a state's vital interests. This ability of biological weapons to serve as a strategic deterrent has important implications fur international politics. In particular, the spread of biological weapons may lead to a 'biological revolution' comparable to the nuclear revolution that occurred among the major nuclear powers.

关键词： Biological weapons   Anthrax   Research facilities   Terrorism   Terrorists   Bilateralism   Pathogens   Demilitarization  

摘要： Sir Brian Heap's Editorial "Scienctists against biological weapons" (16 Nov.,p. 1417) reminds me of a mischievous and skeptical aphorism attributed to Amrom Katz, a shrewd armscontrol analyst at Rand Corporation many years ago. Katz said, "We have never found anything thatthe Soviets have successfully hidden" (1, p. 212). It is one thing to say you are "againstbiological weapons;' but it is another to recognize how difficult is the process of inspection andverification at reasonably high levels of reliability. We now know, of course, that the formerSoviet Union manufactured tons of biological agents after pledging formally and publicly that theywould not. We have good reason to believe that Iraq is in the same category of using talent to cheaton commitments. We suspect that North Korea is in that category as well. So what is the answer? Atleast four efforts need to be sustained. First, international "norms" are a baseline. Although wordsdo not deter everyone, it is extremely important to underscore over and over again the abhorrenceall peace-loving people have about biological weapons. Second, occasionally it might be necessary touse force, such as in the present war in Afghanistan. Only force can work in the extreme ***, we need a surge of effort by the National Institutes of Health, academic health centers, andindustry on vaccines and drugs against biological weapons. And fourth, more research and development(R&D) should be devoted to improving ways of defending against biological weapons and verifying, iffeasible, the terms of any treaty. The U.S. Department of Defense, including the Defense AdvancedResearch Projects Agency, merits our help.

关键词： 生物武器   生物战剂   反生物恐怖  

摘要： 进入新世纪的第一年,就发生了纽约世贸大厦9.11恐怖袭击事件.当多数美国人还在惊魂未定之际,自10月5日起又在佛罗里达州、纽约、新泽西州等地陆续出现了由邮递白色粉末引发的炭疽病例及感染者并有人死亡,从而使美国上下又陷入一场所谓生物恐怖的阴霾之中,也引起世界的普遍关注.回顾历史,帝国主义者以病原微生物作为战剂,在交战双方的军队、居民及牲畜中进行人工制造瘟疫的所谓生物战,远非自今日始,但公开提出所谓生物恐怖却是前所未有的.笔者认为有必要就生物武器、生物战及所谓生物恐怖等公众关心的话题进行简要的回顾与探讨,从中汲取教益.

关键词： 基因武器   炭疽病菌   生物武器   DNA   脱氧核糖核酸   杀伤效果   致病基因  

摘要： 自“9·11”恐怖事件爆发以后，美国又遭到炭疽病菌的袭扰，一时间．全国上下不得安宁。同时．也引起了人们对生物武器的再次关注?然而，你也许不知道，在生物武器家族中，名列排行榜第一位的要属基因武器了，还是让我们揭开基因武器的神秘面纱，仔细审视一下这个即将出笼的“恶兽”吧!