关键词： DSS motivation   DSS use   Decision performance   DSS performance feedback   DSS response time   Task motivation  

摘要： We developed an experimental decision support system (DSS) that enabled us to manipulate DSS performance feedback and response time, measure task motivation and DSS motivation, track the usage of the DSS, and obtain essential information for assessing decision performance through conjoint analysis. The results suggest the mediating role of DSS use in the relationship between DSS motivation and decision performance. Further, DSS motivation is highest in the presence of high task motivation, more positive DSS performance feedback, and fast DSS response time. The findings have important implications for both DSS research and practice. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： DSS mouse colitis   Microbiota   MicroRNA   Probiotic   Pyrosequencing  

摘要： Scope: To compare the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of two probiotics Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus salivarius in mouse colitis, focusing on their impact on selected miRNAs and microbiota composition. Methods and results: Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): non-colitic, DSS colitic and two colitic groups treated with probiotics (5 x 10(8) CFU/mouse/day). Both probiotics ameliorated macroscopic colonic damage. They improved the colonic expression of markers involved in the immune response, and the expression of miR-155 and miR-223. L. fermentum also restored miR-150 and miR-143 expression, also linked to the preservation of the intestinal barrier function. Besides, these beneficial effects were associated with the amelioration of the microbiota dysbiosis and a recovery of the SCFAs- and lactic acid-producing bacterial populations, although only L. fermentum improved Chao richness, Pielou evenness and Shannon diversity. Moreover, L. fermentum also restored the Treg cell population in MLNs and the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. Conclusion: Both probiotics exerted intestinal anti-inflammatory effects in DSS-mouse colitis, maybe due to their ability to restore the intestinal microbiota homeostasis and modulate the immune response. L. fermentum showed a greater beneficial effect compared to L. salivarius, which makes it more interesting for future studies.

关键词： Hybrid population systems   Polyploid hybrid   Gamete   Genome elimination   Karyotype   Hemiclonal reproduction  

摘要： Background: Interspecies animal hybrids can employ clonal or hemiclonal reproduction modes where one or all parental genomes are transmitted to the progeny without recombination. Nevertheless, some interspecies hybrids retain strong connection with the parental species needed for successful reproduction. Appearance of polyploid hybrid animals may play an important role in the substitution of parental species and in the speciation process. Results: To establish the mechanisms that enable parental species, diploid and polyploid hybrids coexist we have performed artificial crossing experiments of water frogs of Pelophylax esculentus complex. We identified tadpole karyotypes and oocyte genome composition in all females involved in the crossings. The majority of diploid and triploid hybrid frogs produced oocytes with 13 bivalents leading to haploid gametes with the same genome as parental species hybrids usually coexist with. After fertilization of such gametes only diploid animals appeared. Oocytes with 26 bivalents produced by some diploid hybrid frogs lead to diploid gametes, which give rise to triploid hybrids after fertilization. In gonads of all diploid and triploid hybrid tadpoles we found DAPI-positive micronuclei (nucleus-like bodies) involved in selective genome elimination. Hybrid male and female individuals produced tadpoles with variable karyotype and ploidy even in one crossing owing to gametes with various genome composition. Conclusions: We propose a model of diploid and triploid hybrid frog reproduction in R-E population systems. Triploid Pelophylax esculentus hybrids can transmit genome of parental species they coexist with by producing haploid gametes with the same genome composition. Triploid hybrids cannot produce triploid individuals after crossings with each other and depend on diploid hybrid females producing diploid eggs. In contrast to other population systems, the majority of diploid and triploid hybrid females unexpectedly produced gametes wit

摘要： 2046

关键词： Decision support systems   Multiple criteria analysis   Preferential uncertainty modelling   Natural language generation   Multi-dimensional sensitivity analysis  

摘要： Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) enables decision makers (DM) and decision analysts (DA) to analyse and understand decision situations in a structured and formalised way. With the increasing complexity of decision support systems (DSSs), it becomes challenging for both expert and novice users to understand and interpret the model results. Natural language generation (NLG) techniques are used in various DSSs to cope with this challenge as they reduce the cognitive effort to achieve understanding of decision situations. However, NLG techniques in MCDA have so far mainly been developed for deterministic decision situations or one-dimensional sensitivity analyses. In this paper, a concept for the generation of textual explanations for a multi-dimensional preferential sensitivity analysis in MCDA is developed. The key contribution is a NLG approach that provides detailed explanations of the implications of preferential uncertainties in Multi-Attribute Value Theory (MAVT). It generates a report that assesses the influences of simultaneous or separate variations of inter-criteria and intra-criteria preferential parameters determined within the decision analysis. We explore the added value of the natural language report in an online survey. Our results show that the NLG approach is particularly beneficial for difficult interpretational tasks. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 社会舆情分析   政府决策支持   研究视角   关键问题   大数据  

摘要： 【目的】分析大数据背景下的需求, 探索社会舆情分析与决策支持的理论依据与重点研究问题。【方法】综合运用图书情报、新闻传播、公共管理、计算机、心理学、系统动力学、复杂网络等理论与方法, 基于社会现实考察与业界实践分析, 总结凝练研究观点。【结果】提出“以‘知识论’、‘决策论’与‘系统论’相结合”等6 个视角引导研究设计与布局研究内容, 并侧重解决社会舆情传播对政府决策影响的理论依据探寻等5 个关键问题。【结论】大数据给社会舆情分析与政府决策支持带来新的机遇, 迫切需要提出与采纳新的研究视角解决关键问题。

关键词： Access Services   assessment   circulation   collection maintenance   data visualization  

摘要： Rapid analytics and visualization software such as Tableau provide an opportunity for Access Services staff to utilize quantitative data on a routine basis to support decision-making about services and staffing. Data visualization tools make analyzing, updating, and sharing data analysis easier and faster than ever before. However, fullest utilization of these tools requires consistent, on demand access to data. This article discusses a strategic initiative at NYU Libraries to support data-driven decision-making by establishing a robust data warehouse paired with front-end access for library staff via Tableau Desktop. Specific application of this model to reporting, usage visualization, and workflow analysis in Access Services is discussed. © 2017 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis © 2017, © Kristina Rose.

关键词： 决策支持系统   数据   信息化建设  

摘要： 随着信息科学技术的飞速发展及IT行业的整体变革,医院的信息化建设已成为医院发展的重要要素,医院信息化的建设越来越得到医院管理层的重视。尤其在《三级甲等医院评审标准实施细则》出台之后,细则中明确规定"建立以院长为核心的医院信息化建设领导小组,有负责信息管理的专职机构,建立各部门间的组织协调机制,制订信息化发展规划,有与信息化建设配套的相关管理制度。"本文对医院决策支持系统的设计意义做出了探讨。

关键词： 社会组织   数据云共享   决策支持   社会治理  

摘要： 为了更好地发挥社会组织优势,为政府决策提供智力支持,本文结合当前社会组织发展现状,构建了一个面向社会组织的数据云共享与决策支持平台。

关键词： 院校研究   规范发展   决策支持   学生成长   机构设置  

摘要： 我国院校研究由初步形成走向规范发展,其中要重视三个问题:抓住决策支持核心职能,从了解世界高等教育发展趋势、国家及地方发展战略、同类高校发展现状、本校发展状况出发,发现问题、提出对策、提供决策备选方案;为学生成长服务,在了解学生现状及问题基础上,探索学生成长规律,运用大数据、推进学生个性化发展;努力创新院校研究机构模式。