关键词： 协同创新   电子商务产业   产业集群  

摘要： 协同创新是电子商务产业集群提升竞争力的有效形式。本文首先探讨了绍兴市电子商务产业集群发展过程中存在的问题,接着分析了绍兴市电子商务产业集群协同发展的必要性,最后从战略协同、知识协同和组织协同角度提出绍兴市电子商务产业集群发展的协同创新模式。

关键词： 指挥控制   决策支持   人工智能   机器学习  

摘要： 随着人工智能技术迅猛发展,指挥控制作为作战体系的"神经中枢",其智能化研究具有重要战略意义。分析了指挥控制智能化的发展需求及国内外现状,阐述了面临的问题并提出了解决思路,在此基础上梳理了智能指挥控制关键技术体系,对于我国发展指挥控制智能化具有一定参考价值。

关键词： Participatory GIS   Sustainable Recreation   Recreation Decision Support System   Web GIS Design  

摘要： Sustainable recreation ensures that local communities benefit from the effects of recreation. A recreation decision support system (RDSS) is a common way for people to gather information about an area they are about to visit. This research explores: 1) how well can local representatives' knowledge concerning appropri- ate recreation behaviors be incorporated into a WebGIS that will serve as a RDSS, 2) what layers, activities, and information do participants want to include in a RDSS, and 3) how well does the ArcGIS Online perform in incorporating repre- sentatives' knowledge of areas of significance for a RDSS? Recreationalists in Missoula County, Montana, have diverse recreational land- scapes to choose from, and places that are of significance to a diverse set of groups to be respectful of. This research explores the participatory GIS (PGIS) method using a focus group comprised of community interest groups for initial content scoping, WebGIS design, and final evaluation of the RDSS. This is a novel approach to test how to incorporate local representatives' knowledge into a RDSS tool. This research revealed that local interest groups indicated that identifying al- lowed recreation activities, leaving no trace, and low impact forms of recreation were the most appropriate to incorporate in the RDSS. The themes of accessibil- ity, community and conservation, wildlife, and wilderness emerged as to why in- terest groups value recreation areas. Additionally, providing information on regu- lations, infrastructure, history, recreation activities, and wildlife would help pro- mote sustainable activities. Participants indicated that layers, icons pop-ups, and queries were identified as adequate ways to inform users of the recreation oppor- tunities in the area. Results demonstrate that the PGIS process is a successful method for creating a sustainable recreation map for a community by using partic- ipants from a diverse set of interest groups.

关键词： Simulated gastrointestinal digest   Preserved egg white   Anti-inflammatory   Caco-2 cell   Inflammatory bowel disease  

摘要： Preserved eggs are widely used as an anti-inflammatory food in dietary therapy. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects of simulated gastrointestinal digest from preserved egg white (SGD-PEW) on an in vitro model of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced inflammation in Caco-2 cells and a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Results showed that SGD-PEW inhibited the secretion of interleukin (IL)-8, reduced TNF-alpha-induced expression of genes, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-17, which are involved in inflammation, and upregulated the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, in Caco-2 cells. In mice, the treatment of SGD-PEW significantly reduced the clinical signs, weight loss, shortening of the colon and histological scores and downregulated the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta, IFN-gamma, and IL-17, in the colon. Thus, SGD-PEW may be a novel preventative food for the treatment of intestinal inflammation. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spread spectrum communication   Satellites   Satellite navigation systems   Satellite broadcasting   Frequency division multiplexing   Phase shift keying  

摘要： The new generation global navigation satellite systems will broadcast multiple direct sequence spread spectrum signals on multiple different central frequencies, with complex spreading chip waveforms. There is a strong demand for efficient and flexible multiplexing techniques to combine these signals into a constant envelope composite signal. In this paper, a high efficiency generalized multicarrier joint constant envelope multiplexing (CEM) technique for multilevel DSSS signals is proposed. The basic idea of this technique is adding an auxiliary component into the direct superposition of signals to keep the envelope of the integrated signal constant. Design principle, constraints, and optimization method of the auxiliary component are investigated. An analysis with typical case studies demonstrates the high efficiency and high flexibility of the proposed technique. Compared with existing CEM techniques, the proposed technique has much higher design flexibility in the number of subbands, the number of signal components, power ratio and phase relationship among components, and the spreading chip waveforms. It can be applied to any number of bipolar or multilevel DSSS signals with arbitrary power distribution at one or more subcarrier frequencies. Such high-level design flexibility provides system designers great room in signal scheme optimization for varied navigation applications in the future.

关键词： Colon microbiota   DSS   Experimental colitis   Pea seed extract   Pisum sativum  

摘要： This study investigates the effects of a pea (Pisum sativum) seed albumin extract (PSE) on the colonic microbiota in a model of experimental dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to three groups: one non-colitic and two colitic. Colitis was induced by incorporating DSS (3.5%) in the drinking water for four days, after which DSS was removed. The pre-treated group received orally PSE (15 g/***) starting two weeks before colitis induction, and was maintained for nine days after. Mice pre-treated with PSE showed a recovery in colon length compared with non-treated DSS group. Both RT-qPCR and pyrosequencing analysis showed that DSS induced significant modifications in the microbiota composition of colonic contents and tissue. In conclusion, PSE modulated colonic microbiota in a model of experimental dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, and prevented colonic DSS induced dysbiosis in mice. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gut microbiota   ICR mouse   High fat diet   Dietary fibre free diet   DSS induced IBD  

摘要： To examine the relationship between multiple lifestyle related diseases and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ICR mice were fed normal chow (CE-2), CE-2 with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in drinking water, a high fat diet (Quick Fat), or a fibre-free diet (AIN-76(-)). The plasma LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was generally higher in the AIN-76 (-) and DSS groups. Shortening of the colon, an indicator of IBD, was prominent in the AIN-76(-) group. Damage of colon epithelial cells and layers was considerable in the DSS group, and was also observed in the Quick Fat and AIN-76(-) groups. Gram staining of caecal contents revealed that sporulation was promoted by DSS. The 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing of caecal contents showed that the Firmicutes/Bacterioidetes ratio (F/B) was considerably high in the AIN-76(-) group. In addition to Turicibacter and Bacteroides, Akkermansia muciniphila, which reportedly ameliorates obesity and increases the immune reaction, was high in the DSS group. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 英国智库   中国智库   政策影响   决策支持  

摘要： [目的/意义]智库作为政策制定过程中的一个重要参与者,在世界各国的内政和外交中,扮演着越来越重要的角色。英国是一个智库发展水平很高的国家,因此对其智库进行研究具有十分重要的现实意义,也有利于通过借鉴其成功经验,促进我国智库的建设与发展。[方法/过程]本文主要采用文献调研的方法,从英国智库的发展演变、主要特点、类型和功能四个方面展开梳理和调研,并进行系统总结。[结果/结论]本文结合我国智库发展的现状如结构不合理、独立性不强、专业化不高、影响力薄弱等问题,提出针对我国智库建设与发展的若干思考。

摘要： Previous studies have revealed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alleviate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by modulating inflammatory cytokines in the inflamed intestine. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not completely understood. We sought to investigate the therapeutic effects of human adipose tissue-derived (hAT)-MSCs in an IBD mouse model and to explore the mechanisms of the regulation of inflammation. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice were infused with hAT-MSCs intraperitoneally and colon tissues were collected on day 10. hAT-MSCs were shown to induce the expression of M2 macrophage markers and to regulate the expression of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the colon. Quantitative real time-PCR analyses demonstrated that less than 20 hAT-MSCs, 0.001% of all intraperitoneally injected hAT-MSCs, were detected in the inflamed colon. To investigate the effects of hAT-MSC-secreted factors in vitro, transwell co-culture system was used, demonstrating that tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) released by hAT-MSCs induces M2 macrophages. In vivo, hAT-MSCs transfected with TSG-6 small interfering RNA, administered intraperitoneally, were not able to induce M2 macrophage phenotype switch in the inflamed colon and had no significant effects on IBD severity. In conclusion, hAT-MSC-produced TSG-6 can ameliorate IBD by inducing M2 macrophage switch in mice.

关键词： inflammatory bowel disease   methionine restriction   diet   oxidative stress   NF-kappa B  

摘要： A strong correlation exists between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and oxidative stress involving alterations of several key signaling pathways. It is known that methionine promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production;we therefore hypothesize that a methionine restriction diet would reduce ROS production, inflammatory responses, and the course of IBD. We generated a murine colitis model by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment and tested the effects of the methionine restriction diet. Forty-eight mice were randomly divided into four groups of equal size, which included a control (CON) group, an MR (methionine restriction diet) group, a DSS treated group and an MR-DSS treated group. Mice in the first two groups had unrestricted access to water for one week. Mice in the two DSS-treated groups had unrestricted access to 5% DSS solution supplied in the drinking water for the same period. Mice in the CON and DSS groups were given a basal diet, whereas mice in the MR-DSS and MR groups were fed a 0.14% MR diet. We found that DSS reduced daily weight gain, suppressed antioxidant enzyme expression, increased histopathology scores and activated NF-kappa B and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/Keap1) signaling. We also showed that the MR diet upregulated catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, and reversed activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway in MR-DSS mice. Taken together, our results imply that the MR diet may be considered as an adjuvant in IBD therapeutics.