关键词： Ecotoxicity   Growth   Fecundity   Biopolymer   Emerging contaminants   Eisenia andrei  

摘要： Microplastics derived from biobased and biodegradable materials will increase their presence in soils as their use becomes more widespread. Research into their effects on soil fauna will help to ensure a better understanding of their environmental impacts. The aim of this work was to study the effects on the development of the earthworm Eisenia andrei (ingestion capacity, survival, growth, cocoon, and hatchling production), earthworm lysosomal stability through the neutral red retention time (NRTT), and substrate enzymatic activity of dehydrogenase (DHA) and fluorescein diacetate-hydrolysing activity (FDA) in the presence of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyethylene (PE) microplastics in laboratory tests. Three different tests were designed, one feeding test of 4 days, and two medium-term tests with 49 and 112 days. The 4-day test and the 49-day growth test were carried out using OECD artificial soil, while in the 112-day growth test, vermicompost was used as the substrate. PLA and PHB particle ingestion was demonstrated. No concentration or polymer-dependent lysosomal damage or effects on earthworm growth were observed. However, reproductive effects, such as a decrease in cocoon production and the number of juveniles, were reported upon exposure to PE and PLA during medium-term assays. These findings indicated that the toxicity of PLA bioplastic exposure is comparable to that of conventional plastic PE concerning the negative effects on the reproductive efficiency of the detritivorous earthworm E. andrei.

摘要： Rhamnolipid, poly(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), and ectoine are sustainable compounds produced by specific bacteria known for their protective benefits, including promoting skin health in applications, such as facial wash, sunscreens, and moisturizers. These compounds have been extensively studied due to their unique physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. Leveraging these beneficial properties, this study aimed to create a multifunctional protective formulation by synthesizing nanoparticles from PHB and ectoine, which are acknowledged for their anti-ultraviolet B (UVB) and anti-irritation properties. The covalent bonding of PHB and ectoine was achieved using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), and the nanoparticles were produced through centrifugation. The synthesized nanoparticle (PHB-ectoine NPs) was physicochemically characterized and tested for anti-irritation and anti-UVB properties in vitro. The characterization revealed a homogeneous spherical shape with a distinct layered structure, primarily composed of carbon and oxygen. The PHB-ectoine NPs measured 527 +/- 228 nm in size, had a zeta potential of -61.47 +/- 0.64 mV, and exhibited notably higher anti-irritant and anti-UVB activities compared to PHB alone, by over 10 and 4 times, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of a rhamnolipid solution as a dispersant provided the nanofluid with antibacterial properties againstStaphylococcus aureus. These results indicate that the rhamnolipid-PHB-ectoine nanoformulation shows significant potential as a multifunctional skin protective agent with anti-irritation, anti-UVB, and antibacterial capabilities.

关键词： 全地埋式污水处理厂   主体结构设计   曝气池抗浮   超长结构伸缩缝   柱网布置优化  

摘要： 全地埋式污水处理厂因其特殊的埋深条件和腐蚀环境,在主体结构设计中面临诸多困难和挑战.文章基于污水处理工艺特点,提出关键结构设计策略,并从配套设计角度给出优化建议和风险管控措施.通过对关键结构和薄弱环节的针对性设计,旨在显著提升全地埋式污水处理厂主体结构的安全性、耐久性和可靠性,确保高质高效的污水处理效果和长期稳定运行.

关键词： 膜曝气生物膜反应器(membrane aerated biofilm reactor   MABR)   N2O   污水处理   温室气体   碳减排   生物脱氮  

摘要： 膜曝气生物膜反应器(membrane aerated biofilm reactor,MABR)作为一种新型的污水处理技术,因其高效的氮去除能力和较低的N2O排放水平而受到广泛关注.传统污水处理脱氮过程中,硝化反硝化阶段主要通过羟胺氧化、AOB反硝化、异养反硝化以及化学变化途径产生***处理市政污水较传统曝气方式具有更低的N2O排放潜力,主要得益于MABR特殊的底物异向扩散模式和无泡曝气方式,这会减少N2O产生潜力及排放水平.该文总结了MABR在运行过程中N2O产生与降低途径,讨论了N2O产生和排放的影响因素及控制策略,并对今后研究MABR体系中N2O排放进行了展望,以期说明MABR进一步工程应用在碳减排方面的优势.

关键词： 新概念污水处理厂   低碳设计   低碳污水处理技术   污水处理能源开发技术   污水处理资源回收技术  

摘要： 传统污水处理厂以使污染物达标为主要目的,采用常规技术处理,污水处理能耗较高。为实现“双碳”目标,在“双碳”背景下,传统的污水处理厂要逐渐向新概念水厂转变,污水处理厂不能再仅仅是去除污染物的系统,而是资源和能源工厂,为自身及周边区域提供再生资源和能源,为社会可持续发展做出贡献。对新概念污水处理厂的低碳设计技术要点进行研究,可以从低碳污水处理技术、污水处理能源开发技术、污水处理资源回收技术三个方面进行设计,从而达到安全高效、低碳节能、资源化利用的目的。

关键词： 污水处理   菌藻共生   EPS   群落结构   机理  

摘要： 初始菌、藻接种比会调节共生体系中菌、藻的相互作用和代谢,进而可能对反应器的污水处理性能产生影响。本研究设计了2:1、1:1、1:2和3:0四个菌、藻接种比,在光照条件下运行菌-藻生物膜反应器,以3:0(暗)为对照,研究菌、藻接种比对模拟市政废水的处理效果。通过分析胞外聚合物(EPS)组分含量、结构特征及菌藻生物膜的微生物群落结构与反应器污水处理性能的关系以探讨菌藻接种比对反应器污水处理性能的影响机理。结果表明,细菌和微藻均能去除氮、磷营养物,菌藻接种比为2:1时反应器对磷的去除效果最好;微藻的添加能够显著提高反应器的氮、磷去除能力,反应器运行稳定前,细菌接种比例越大反应器对COD的去除效果越好,反应器运行稳定后,COD的去除与初始菌、藻接种比没有明显关系;菌藻共生未改变EPS的物质组成但促进了EPS的分泌,增强了反应器的污水处理性能;菌藻接种比改变了各优势菌的相对丰度,进而影响反应器的污水处理性能。本研究能推进菌藻共生污水处理技术的应用,实现污水的节能减碳处理。

关键词： 污水处理厂   水污染源   在线监测  

摘要： 自环境保护上升到国家战略高度,污水治理受到人们的广泛重视,外加现代化信息技术的发展,水污染源监测手段愈发丰富,目前,在线监测系统整合了多种监测仪器,成为污水处理厂的治理关键。基于此,本文简单阐述水污染在线监测系统的功能价值,然后根据其功能集成,深入研究污水处理厂中水污染源在线监测系统的运用,包括水质自动采样器、水质自动分析仪器、环保数据采集仪等,梳理其应用要点,以期为相关治理项目提供参考。

关键词： PPP   污水处理   合理盈利   财务评价  

摘要： 污水处理能够保护环境、有效提高城市水资源的利用率,是一项利国利民的民生事业。本文基于PPP模式,研究西部城市污水处理公司的财务状况,对其各项经营业务成本及收入进行分析评价,研究其盈利能力,并根据现有问题提出相应建议,以期为同类PPP污水处理项目提供参考和借鉴。