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关键词： Inspection   Probes   Service robots   Wireless fidelity   Hardware   Oscilloscopes   Electromagnetic acoustic transducer   non-destructive evaluation   wireless   acquisition system   robotics  

摘要： The deployment of transducers to perform in situ inspections of industrial components can be complicated, and in many cases is still performed manually by a team of operators, which involves significant costs and can be dangerous. Robots capable of deploying probes in difficult to access locations are becoming available. Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT) are well suited to be used with robots since they are non-contact transducers that do not require a coupling medium, and can easily perform scans. However, existing acquisition systems for EMATs are generally not suitable to be directly mounted on robots. In this paper, a new wireless acquisition system for EMATs is presented. The system is standalone, it transmits the inspection data over WiFi, and is compatible with the robotics operating system (ROS). In addition, it is designed to be modular, small and lightweight so that it can be easily mounted on robots. The system design in terms of hardware and software is described in this paper. The resulting performance of the system is also reported.

关键词： 球形机器人   玻璃纤维增强聚合物(GFRP)   球壳结构   渐进损伤   动力学响应  

摘要： 球形机器人工作过程中受到的低速冲击能够对其内部装置与运行精度产生重大威胁。针对球形机器人的玻璃纤维增强聚合物(GFRP)薄壁球壳结构可能受到的大变形动载作用,进行GFRP球壳的低速冲击损伤研究,分为试验和仿真两个方面,通过不同冲击速度的低速冲击试验与准静态压缩试验得出GFRP球壳的动力学响应及剩余承载力,并且基于Hashin准则建立球壳的复合结构渐进损伤仿真模型,阐明其在不同冲击速度下的应力分布、结构变形模式和能量耗散机制。研究结果再现了球形机器人球壳在严苛环境下发生变形与侵彻贯穿的情况,得到了球壳发生侵彻贯穿的临界冲击速度范围,对高性能球形机器人的研制及其精准控制的实现有着极为重要的意义。

关键词： 学科竞赛   机器人   智慧课堂  

摘要： 机器人创新设计课程教学改革是为学生提供一种模拟机器人竞赛项目运行的机制和环境,依托学科竞赛和智慧课堂优化课程教学内容,让学生在学习项目的运作流程和管理方法过程中,提升实践技能和综合创新能力。

关键词： 机器人学   工程学   营养需求   澳大利亚   墨尔本  

摘要： 博特伦兄弟从澳大利亚墨尔本搬到美国之后,就爱上了工程学与机器人学--并立下了满足世界营养需求的远大目标。抵达加州之后不到十年,他们共同创办了一点一农业科技公司,以及威洛--他们直接面对消费者的健康与生活方式的品牌。

关键词： 创新实践   机器人竞赛   案例分析   创新创业  

摘要： 为了培养大学生的创新实践能力、理论知识应用能力、动手能力和协作精神,中国科学技术大学积极组织学生参加机器人竞赛。该文参考中国科学技术大学RoboGame机器人大赛的历史及现状,对2019年机器人大赛进行案例分析,对赛事背景、主题规则、比赛特点等进行梳理与总结,以期为其他高校大学生机器人赛事的组织与发展提供借鉴与参考,培养更多优秀的创新创业人才。

关键词： 学有余力   机器人竞赛   中小学校   中小学生   全国青少年   竞赛活动   组织竞赛   教育行政部门  

摘要： 前不久,教育部公布2020至2021学年面向中小学生的全国性竞赛活动名单:中国青少年机器人竞赛、全国青少年无人机大赛等35项竞赛列入其中。这也意味着,对于不在名单上的全国竞赛,地方各级教育行政部门、各中小学校、各类教育机构均不得组织承办。中小学生需不需要竞赛?答案是肯定的。组织竞赛的初衷在于给学有余力的学生设置“跑道”,让人才在你追我赶中冒出来。

关键词： 阿西莫夫   人工智能技术   技术伦理   机器人学   科幻小说   技术异化   乐观主义者   技术创新  

摘要： 著名的科幻作家阿西莫夫研究了以往机器人题材的科幻小说,总结出机器人学三定律:第一定律提出,机器人不得伤害人,也不得见人受到伤害而袖手旁观;第二定律明确,机器人应服从人的一切命令,但不得违反第一定律;第三定律指出,机器人应保护自身的安全,但不得违反第一、二定律。一些技术乐观主义者认为,有了机器人学三定律,人类对技术创新特别是人工智能技术创新安全性问题的担忧就可以打消了。然而,他们对技术异化的警惕性远远不够。

关键词： Educational robotics   Social robotics   Motivation to study robotics  

摘要： Nowadays robotics is one of promising avenues in the sphere of emerging technologies. In the teaching/learning environment we deal with educational robotics, which is a mixture of theory and practice, knowledge of computer technology, Mathematics and Physics. The two vectors are combined in educational robotics: the educational vector and the technological vector. As an academic discipline and an area of practical application, Robotics means a very broad spectrum of modern knowledge of diverse academic engineering specialties (fields of expertise). That means that Robotics is interdisciplinary in nature. The work provides an overview of the research aimed at studying Robot - Man interaction. Besides, the work considers some promising international cooperation between children from around the world on the development of robotics, and the experience and benefits gained from such cooperation. As an example of the international cooperation in the sphere of Robotics, the two countries, Russia and Kazakhstan, are considered. The article gives an example of the international cooperation of some educational centers, describes the experience of the work on robotics with children of various ages, and the cooperation of various schools working in this field in Kazakhstan and Russia. The working experience in the sphere of social robotics aimed at helping people has become a priority for the children from the interdisciplinary teams from Russia and Kazakhstan. Interaction and cooperation in the sphere of robotics was also used for introducing unconventional curricula, which included courses on robotic technologies as tools for considering social aspects of robotics and artificial intelligence.

关键词： Multi-agent models   Self-organisation   D   discoideum   Quorum sensing   Swarm robotics   Kilobots  

摘要： By studying and modelling the behaviour of Dictyostelium discoideum, we aim at deriving mechanisms useful for engineering collective artificial intelligence systems. This paper discusses a selection of agent-based models reproducing second-order behaviour of Dictyostelium discoideum, occurring during the migration phase;their corresponding biological illustrations;and how we used them as an inspiration for transposing this behaviour into swarms of Kilobots. For the models, we focus on: (1) the transition phase from first- to second-order emergent behaviour;(2) slugs' uniform distribution around a light source;and (3) the relationship between slugs' speed and length occurring during the migration phase of the life cycle of D. discoideum. Results show the impact of the length of the slug on its speed and the effect of ammonia on the distribution of slugs. Our computational results show similar behaviour to our biological experiments, using Ax2(ka) strain. For swarm robotics experiments, we focus on the transition phase, slugs' chaining, merging and moving away from each other.