关键词： Shakey   Architectures   Design   Objectivism  

摘要： Shakey the robot was a milestone of autonomous robots and artificial intelligence. Its design principles have dominated research until now. Tacit philosophical and architectural assumptions have impoverished the space of research topics and methods. I point out ways to overcome this impasse with sideglances to other scientific fields.

关键词： benign laryngeal tumor   laryngeal surgery   TORS   Transoral Robotic Surgery  

摘要： While transoral laser microsurgery has been the gold standard for laryngeal surgery for many years, recently transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has become a new treatment option not being restricted to a straight line of view which can be an obstacle during resection. In combination with specifically designed retractors TORS can provide a superior visualization and allows tissue manipulation especially in the narrow working space of the larynx. The present article describes the commercially available robotic systems suitable for transoral surgery in adult benign laryngeal masses and highlights on the use of TORS retractors. Additionally, the most relevant benign laryngeal masses in adults will be addressed with special emphasis on transoral robotic accessibility, visualization, and surgical resection techniques. Additionally, using the Medrobotics system TORS was evaluated for surgery of benign laryngeal masses in 37 adults suffering from cysts, polpys, papillomas, dysplasias, and leukoplakias: Excellent visualization, surgical access to all lesions and complete resection without any severe side effects could be achieved. In conclusion, TORS can be a valuable tool in surgery for adult benign laryngeal masses. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Human motion dataset   industrial activities   optical motion capture   inertial motion capture   ergonomics   posture and action annotation  

摘要： Improving work conditions in industry is a major challenge that can be addressed with new emerging technologies such as collaborative robots. Machine learning techniques can improve the performance of those robots, by endowing them with a degree of awareness of the human state and ergonomics condition. The availability of appropriate datasets to learn models and test prediction and control algorithms, however, remains an issue. This article presents a dataset of human motions in industry-like activities, fully labeled according to the ergonomics assessment worksheet EAWS, widely used in industries such as car manufacturing. Thirteen participants performed several series of activities, such as screwing and manipulating loads under different conditions, resulting in more than 5 hours of data. The dataset contains the participants' whole-body kinematics recorded both with wearable inertial sensors and marker-based optical motion capture, finger pressure force, video recordings, and annotations by three independent annotators of the performed action and the adopted posture following the EAWS postural grid. Sensor data are available in different formats to facilitate their reuse. The dataset is intended for use by researchers developing algorithms for classifying, predicting, or evaluating human motion in industrial settings, as well as researchers developing collaborative robotics solutions that aim at improving the workers' ergonomics. The annotation of the whole dataset following an ergonomics standard makes it valuable for ergonomics-related applications, but we expect its use to be broader in the robotics, machine learning, and human movement communities.

摘要： While initially conceived for human motion augmentation, wearable robots have gradually evolved as technological aids in motion assistance and rehabilitation. There are increasing real-world applications in industrial and medical scenarios. Though efforts have been made on wearable robotic systems, e.g. robotic prostheses and exoskeletons, there are still several challenges in kinematics and actuation solutions, dynamic analysis and control of human-robot systems, neuro-control and human-robot interfaces; ergonomics and human-in-the-loop optimization. Meanwhile, real-world applications in industrial or medical scenarios are facing difficulties considering effectiveness.

关键词： Kinematics   Dynamics   Screws   Product of exponentials   Kinematic mapping   Higher-order derivatives   Inverse kinematics   Inverse dynamics   Series elastic actuators   Model-based control   Taylor series  

摘要： The motions of mechanisms can be described in terms of screw coordinates by means of an exponential mapping. The product of exponentials (POE) describes the configuration of a chain of bodies connected by lower pair joints. The kinematics is thus given in terms of joint screws. The POE serves to express loop constraints for mechanisms as well as the forward kinematics of serial manipulators. Besides the compact formulations, the POE gives rise to purely algebraic relations for derivatives wrt. joint variables. It is known that the partial derivatives of the instantaneous joint screws (columns of the geometric Jacobian) are determined by Lie brackets the joint screws. Lesser-known is that derivative of arbitrary order can be compactly expressed by Lie brackets. This has significance for higher-order forward/inverse kinematics and dynamics of robots and multibody systems. Various relations were reported but are scattered in the literature and insufficiently recognized. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the relevant relations. Its original contributions are closed form and recursive relations for higher-order derivatives and Taylor expansions of various kinematic relations. Their application to kinematic control and dynamics of robotic manipulators and multibody systems is discussed. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Developing Caribbean countries   Robotic surgery  

摘要： The Caribbean region is part of the world which lagged by 10 years compared to the rest of the developed world nations in the field of minimal access surgery (MAS). The implementation of basic and advanced laparoscopy only came to fruition until a group of surgeons created a partnership across the region. The introduction of robotic surgery to the world possess yet another challenge to the surgical leaders and the people of the developing Caribbean countries.

关键词： Disability   Inclusion   Robotics   Under-represented groups   Autism   Physical disability  

摘要： Children with disabilities encounter many barriers in engaging in science, math, and technology courses such as discriminatory attitudes and inaccessible classes, which can limit their educational and future employment opportunities. Helping children to foster an interest in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) disciplines early on can help to expand their career options. This study explored how a group-based robotics program impacted the STEM activation among children with disabilities. Children (n = 33) aged 6-14 completed pre-and post-surveys to assess any changes in STEM activation. Our results showed that for most groups, children's STEM activation scores increased from the beginning to the end of the program;however, these differences were not significant. It was encouraging to see that among the children who participated in the program more than once (n = 18), there was a significant increase in their STEM activation. Qualitative findings of children's experience in the programs show that they liked building, programming, and learning about robots. These findings suggest that it is worthwhile to engage children with disabilities in STEM programs.

关键词： Robotics   Literature review   Artificial intelligence (AI)   Hospitality technology  

摘要： Purpose This paper aims to review the extant hospitality and tourism literature on the state of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) in the service industry. The aim was to highlight the current areas of research on this emerging topic and identify areas for future application and study. Design/methodology/approach A list of hospitality and tourism journals was used to identify articles related to AI and robotics using the terms AI, robots, robotics, hospitality and tourism, and several combinations thereof. Additional sources were identified through the literature reviews from the identified works. Findings The findings revealed several studies on the current state of robotics and AI in hospitality and tourism. Additional research examines and discusses implications for internal and external customer service, legal and ethical issues and theory. Originality/value This paper provides a compilation of the current studies that examine the impact of robotics and AI in hospitality and tourism. It offers scholars an overview of the current knowledge in the field on this rapidly emerging and evolving topic.

关键词： Robotics   Research agenda   Servicescape   Robonomics   Robot adoption   rService  

摘要： Purpose This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of research on robotics in travel, tourism and hospitality, and to identify research gaps and directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes 131 publications published during 1993-2019, identified via Scopus, Web of Science, ResearchGate, *** and Google Scholar. It offers quantitative analysis of frequencies and cross-tables and qualitative thematic analysis of the publications within each of seven identified domains. Findings The paper identifies "Robot," "Human," "Robot manufacturer," "Travel/tourism/hospitality company," "Servicescape," "External environment" and "Education, training and research" as the research domains. Most research studies are dedicated to robots in restaurants, airports, hotels and bars. Papers tend to apply engineering methods, but experiments and surveys grow in popularity. Asia-Pacific countries account for much of the empirical research. Research limitations/implications The analysis was limited to publications indexed in four databases and one search engine. Only publications in English were considered. Growing opportunities for those who are anxious to publish in the field are identified. Importantly, emerging research is branching out from the engineering of robots to the possibilities for human/robot interactions and their use for service providers, opening up new avenues of research for tourism and hospitality scholars. Practical implications The paper identified a myriad of application areas for robots across various tourism and hospitality sectors. Service providers must critically think about how robots affect the servicescape and how it needs to be adjusted or re-imagined to ensure that robots and employees can augment the service experiences (co-)created within it. Originality/value This is the first study to systematically analyze research publications on robotics in travel, tourism and hospitality. ???????????????????? ?? ????