关键词： medical robot   surgical robot   orthopedic surgery   fracture reduction   computer-aided surgery   computer-assisted surgery  

摘要： Since the advantages of precise operation and effective reduction of radiation, robots have become one of the best choices for solving the defects of traditional fracture reduction surgery. This paper focuses on the application of robots in fracture reduction surgery, design of the mechanism, navigation technology, robotic control, interaction technology, and the bone-robot connection technology. Through literature review, the problems in current fracture reduction robot and its future development are discussed.

关键词： Robotics   Biomimetics   Robot design   Simulation   Artificial Intelligence   Autonomous robots  

摘要： Purpose This paper is a "Q&A interview" conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry PhD and innovator regarding his personal journey and the commercialization and challenges of bringing a technological invention to market. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Dr Hod Lipson, James and Sally Scapa Professor of Innovation of Mechanical Engineering and Data Science at Columbia University. Lipson's bio-inspired research led him to co-found four companies. In this interview, Dr Lipson shares some of his personal and business experiences of working in academia and industry. Findings Dr Lipson received his BSc in Mechanical Engineering from the Technion Israel Institute of Technology in 1989. He worked as a software developer and also served for the next five years as a Lieutenant Commander for the Israeli Navy. He then co-founded his first company, Tri-logical Technologies (an Israeli company) in 1994 before pursuing a PhD, which was awarded to him from the Technion Israel Institute of Technology in Mechanical Engineering in the fall of 1998. From 1998 to 2001, he did his postdoc research at Brandeis University, Computer Science Department, while also lecturing at MIT. Dr Lipson served as Professor of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering and Computing & Information Science at Cornell University for 14 years and joined Columbia University as a Professor in Mechanical Engineering in 2015. From 2013 to 2015, he also served as Editor-in-Chief for the journal 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing (3DP), published by Mary Ann Liebert Inc. Originality/value Dr Lipson's broad spectrum and multi-decades of research has focused on self-aware and self-replicating robots. Dr Lipson directs the Creative Machines Lab which pioneers new ways for novel autonomous systems to design and make other machines, based on

关键词： Human-robot interaction   industrial collaborative robotics   literature review   2008-2017  

摘要： Currently, a large number of industrial robots have been deployed to replace or assist humans to perform various repetitive and dangerous manufacturing tasks. However, based on current technological capabilities, such robotics field is rapidly evolving so that humans are not only sharing the same workspace with robots, but also are using robots as useful assistants. Consequently, due to this new type of emerging robotic systems, industrial collaborative robots or cobots, human and robot co-workers have been able to work side-by-side as collaborators to accomplish tasks in industrial environments. Therefore, new human-robot interaction systems have been developed for such systems to be able to utilize the capabilities of both humans and robots. Accordingly, this article presents a literature review of major recent works on human-robot interactions in industrial collaborative robots, conducted during the last decade (between 2008 and 2017). Additionally, the article proposes a tentative classification of the content of these works into several categories and sub-categories. Finally, this paper addresses some challenges of industrial collaborative robotics and explores future research issues.

关键词： Service robotics   cognitive robotics   symbol emergence   natural language processing   language understanding   language acquisition  

摘要： The understanding and acquisition of a language in a real-world environment is an important task for future robotics services. Natural language processing and cognitive robotics have both been focusing on the problem for decades using machine learning. However, many problems remain unsolved despite significant progress in machine learning (such as deep learning and probabilistic generative models) during the past decade. The remaining problems have not been systematically surveyed and organized, as most of them are highly interdisciplinary challenges for language and robotics. This study conducts a survey on the frontier of the intersection of the research fields of language and robotics, ranging from logic probabilistic programming to designing a competition to evaluate language understanding systems. We focus on cognitive developmental robots that can learn a language from interaction with their environment and unsupervised learning methods that enable robots to learn a language without hand-crafted training data.

关键词： Propulsion  

摘要： Micro/Nano robots have shown enormous potential for diverse biomedical applications, such as targeted delivery, in vivo biosensing, minimally invasive surgery and cell manipulation through extending their area of operation to various previously inaccessible locations. The motion of these small-scale robots can be either self-propelled or remotely controlled by some external power sources. However, in order to use them for biomedical applications, optimization of biocompatible propulsion and precise controllability are highly desirable. In this article, the recent progress about the biocompatible propulsion (e.g. self-propulsion, external stimuli based propulsion and bio-hybrid propulsion) techniques for these micro/nano robotic devices are summarized along with their applications, with a special focus on the advantages and disadvantages of different propulsion techniques. The current challenges and future perspectives of these small-scale devices are discussed in the final section.

关键词： Motivation   Cognitive robotics   Utility function   Deceptive state-spaces  

摘要： Establishing goal/sub-goal hierarchies in robotic motivational systems for open-ended learning situations and modelling this utility in a manner that is useful for robots is an open research problem, especially when the robots' state-spaces are continuous and may present ambiguities. In these cases, directly obtaining value functions, and in particular, precise Artificial Neural Network based value functions, becomes very difficult. In this paper, this issue is addressed through a new type of coarse utility functions for the representation of motivation. The proposed approach can be used as an intermediate step in order to be able to produce more consistent data for the subsequent training of precise value functions when and where it becomes necessary. This type of coarse utility functions, called Separable Utility Regions (SUR), are based on the use of the variation of sensor values as clues to the position of goals in state space. Moreover, areas in the state-space must be established where there are correlations between the desired direction the system should follow in its state-space towards a goal, and the direction of variation of the values of a particular sensor. The main focus of this paper is on the process of creating sub-goal hierarchies that permit leading the system in a consistent manner towards goals, so that it can autonomously learn to achieve them whatever its starting state. To this end, an approach to sub-goal determination and chaining based on a recursive establishment of consolidated goal domains as new goals for new utility functions is described. The approach is tested on a real robotic system and the results are extensively analysed and discussed. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： bending resistance   Uplift resistance   robotics   self-adaptive   adhesives   drought   restoring force  

摘要： Many research groups have studied biomimetic functional surfaces for practical applications. Dry adhesives inspired by the gecko foot consist of hierarchical and numerous micro/nano hairs and can achieve pull-off strengths for vertical and shear adhesion of up to 20 N cm(-2). However, when detachment of the nearly dry adhesive is carried out by peeling, the pull-off strength of the dry adhesive in the tilted state is remarkably reduced. In this study, an enhanced pull-off strength dry adhesive in the tilted state was fabricated by using a strategy that reduces the restoring force from the bending moment. An experiment with various column-type dry adhesives was implemented to find the relation between the pull-off strength in the tilted state and the bending resistance of the dry adhesive. The feasibility of using a dry adhesive in the tilted state was observed through a glass-lifting experiment. This strategy could be widely utilized in many practical applications, such as robotics.

关键词： 小学机器人教育   机器人竞赛   合作意识   竞争意识  

摘要： 随着科技的不断发展和创新,人工智能时代悄然来临,机器人被应用到各行各业。机器人教育能够给小学教育带来新活力,推动小学信息技术教育的发展。机器人教育能弥补传统教学中的不足,为小学生能力、素质培养提供更高的教育平台。

关键词： 机器人学   教学内容   教学方法   教学改革  

摘要： 机器人学课程是机器人工程专业本科生的必修课,对于培养学生了解和初步掌握机器人分析方法和设计方法具有重要作用。针对机器人学授课内容较为传统、教学模式灵活性不足等问题,在教学内容和教学方法及评价方法方面提出了对应的改进思路和措施,激发学生的学习主动性和创新思维,取得了良好的教学效果。