关键词： 任务驱动教学法   机器人学课程   应用研究  

摘要： 本文研究任务驱动教学法在机器人应用专题课程教学中的应用。任务驱动教学法是基于学习理论知识基础之上的一种新型的教育教学方法,让学生带着实实在在的任务学习,使学生真正成为学习的主体,教师成为引导者,激发学生的学习兴趣,培养创新思维,提高操作能力,达到教学效果。

关键词： 北京市顺义区   机器人竞赛   青少年   科协   科学技术协会   第一中学   人民政府   科技创造  

摘要： 近日,第19届北京青少年机器人竞赛在顺义区牛栏山第一中学正式开赛。竞赛由北京市科学技术协会、北京市顺义区人民政府共同主办,以“诚信伴我成长,科技创造未来”为主题。本届竞赛共有来自全市16区、中国儿童中心、天津、河北的共283支参赛队,797名学生参赛,100名领队、教练,总计约900人参与竞赛。

关键词： 全方位移动机器人   动力学   MATLAB仿真   拉格朗日方程  

摘要： 动力学是全方位移动机器人运动控制和导航定位研究的基础,但建立精确动力学模型较为困难。以四轮正交驱动全方位移动机器人为研究对象,探讨拉格朗日法求解移动机器人动力学模型可靠性,通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真和在实验室环境下样机测试来分析驱动力矩和机器人速度、加速度运行参数关系,进而验证该方法的正确性。从仿真曲线和实验数据可分析出机器人运动特性与机械结构关系,可为其他形式移动机器人的动力学研究提供参考。

关键词： 机器人学  

摘要： 所谓智人,历史对其褒贬不一。他们创造了械人,却愚蠢地毁灭在他们自己的造物手中。智人最后的黄昏被称为——巨婴时代。叶麟抬头便看见镜子里映出他棱角分明的脸。他理了理领带,挑起嘴角露出一个标准的微笑,随即迈步走进'主人'的房间。只见房间里摆着一张大床,床边是高高矮矮的各式机器,床上躺着一个……人。这人浑身赤裸,身上的肥肉堆积如山,一根根线连接着他的身体和机器,他的胸膛上下起伏还伴随着呼哧呼哧的声音,似乎喘气对他而言也过于费劲。'

关键词： 机器人   青少年   竞赛   北京   科学技术协会   人民政府   科技创造   顺义区  

摘要： 近日,第19届北京青少年机器人竞赛在顺义区牛栏山第一中学正式开赛。竞赛由北京市科学技术协会、北京市顺义区人民政府共同主办,以“诚信伴我成长,科技创造未来”为主题。本届竞赛共有来自全市16区、中国儿童中心、天津、河北的共283支参赛队,797名学生参赛,100名领队、教练,总计约900人参与竞赛。

关键词： perception knowledge   knowledge-based reasoning   task-motion planning  

摘要： Autonomous indoor service robots are supposed to accomplish tasks, like serve a cup, which involve manipulation actions. Particularly, for complex manipulation tasks which are subject to geometric constraints, spatial information and a rich semantic knowledge about objects, types, and functionality are required, together with the way in which these objects can be manipulated. In this line, this paper presents an ontological-based reasoning framework called Perception and Manipulation Knowledge (PMK) that includes: (1) the modeling of the environment in a standardized way to provide common vocabularies for information exchange in human-robot or robot-robot collaboration, (2) a sensory module to perceive the objects in the environment and assert the ontological knowledge, (3) an evaluation-based analysis of the situation of the objects in the environment, in order to enhance the planning of manipulation tasks. The paper describes the concepts and the implementation of PMK, and presents an example demonstrating the range of information the framework can provide for autonomous robots.

关键词： 机器人竞赛教学   实践创新   能力培养  

摘要： 中学生机器人竞赛教学是信息技术教学的重要亮点,对于调动中学生参与研制人工智能的兴趣,提高中学生信息技术水平具有重要意义。机器人竞赛教学的课堂实践重点培养了中学生动手组装机器人的实践能力,强化了中学生在机器人制作与控制实践中的探究创新意识,提升了中学生群策群力解决问题的团队合作精神,这三大能力是中学生素质教育要求的集中体现。

关键词： Abdominoperineal resection   Colectomy   Colon cancer   Low anterior resection   Rectal cancer   Robotic colorectal surgery   Total mesorectal excision  

摘要： Purpose of Review: Despite the growth in laparoscopic surgery, comparable oncological outcomes, and reduced complication rates, the majority of colorectal surgery is still performed via an open approach. Reasons for this may include technical difficulties associated with operating in narrow spaces such as in the pelvis and inadequate experience. Robotic surgery provides potential solutions to some of these challenges. This review will summarize the state of the literature regarding robotic colorectal surgery. Recent Findings: The most consistent benefit of robotic surgery is decreasing operative conversions, specifically in rectal cancer. In partial colectomies, there is evidence to support quicker return to bowel function. Oncologic outcomes compared to the laparoscopic approach are equivalent. Summary: Robotic surgery provides solutions to the challenges posed by laparoscopy, including wristed instruments, ease of intracorporeal suturing, and ergonomic advantages. Randomized trials to evaluate peri-operative outcomes will be important. If robotics is able to facilitate conversion of open colectomies to their minimally invasive equivalent, robotics may end up proving to be advantageous in the peri-operative and post-operative period. Continued studies are warranted. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

摘要： The year 2018 was a landmark for software, robotics, and data platforms at Schmidt Ocean Institute (SOI). R/V Falkor was constantly on the move, with 11 expeditions that emphasized technology trials and software development. New technologies are changing the way work is conducted at sea, creating efficiencies and permitting greater discoveries in areas that had previously eluded scientists. Robotic systems working together to make critical decisions allow scientists to cover more ocean and make intelligent choices. A vast amount of time and development goes into each and every robot, program, and algorithm, but we know that these long-term investments will provide a better understanding of our dynamic ocean. New knowledge emerging from these investments can, in turn, be used to improve ocean policies and management. We describe here 13 outcomes that had an impact on ocean sciences in 2018.

关键词： Joint transportation   Autonomous robots   Mobile robots   Obstacle avoidance   Unknown environments   Attractor dynamics  

摘要： This paper shows how non-linear attractor dynamics can be used to control teams of two autonomous mobile robots that coordinate their motion in order to transport large payloads in unknown environments, which might change over time and may include narrow passages, corners and sharp U-turns. Each robot generates its collision-free motion online as the sensed information changes. The control architecture for each robot is formalized as a non-linear dynamical system, where by design attractor states, i.e. asymptotically stable states, dominate and evolve over time. Implementation details are provided, and it is further shown that odometry or calibration errors are of no significance. Results demonstrate flexible and stable behavior in different circumstances: when the payload is of different sizes;when the layout of the environment changes from one run to another;when the environment is dynamice.g. following moving targets and avoiding moving obstacles;and when abrupt disturbances challenge team behavior during the execution of the joint transportation task.