关键词： PBL教学法   机器人竞赛   FTC  

摘要： 随着人工智能、图像识别、控制技术的发展,机器人竞赛也越来越向高水平、高层次发展,越来越多的学校鼓励学生参与到机器人竞赛中,作者认为,将FTC竞赛引入到高中课堂,充分体现了STEAM教育思想。机器人竞赛不仅能提高学生的动手能力,还能激发他们DIY的兴趣。实践证明,将具有STEAM教育思想的机器人竞赛课程引入到高中切实可行,可以开辟一个新的计算思维培养模式。

关键词： 并联机器人   刚柔耦合   动力学   运动学  

摘要： 以六自由度并联机器人为研究对象,在ADAMS软件中建立其完整虚拟样机模型,利用这一模型进行运动学和动力学分析。在考虑铰链柔性的前提下,建立机器人的刚柔耦合动力学模型,分析运行速度和载荷变化对机器人末端定位精度的影响。所做研究可为并联机器人的设计提供理论依据和参考。

关键词： 中小学   电脑制作   机器人   山西省  

摘要： 山西省第十八届中小学电脑制作活动机器人竞赛于5月26日~27日在山西大学附属中学文艺中心举行,经过两天的激烈角逐圆满落下帷幕。省教育厅基教处副处长翟密林、省电教馆副馆长何芸、山西大学附属中学副校长时利民参加了开幕式。太原市第三实验小学校选手刘怡玎、特聘总裁判长周康康分别代表参赛选手和裁判员进行了宣誓。大赛组委会现场执行总指挥省电教馆研究指导部副主任梁毅宣布了比赛纪律。

关键词： Robotic lymphadenectomy   Morbidly obese   BMI greater than 40   Endometrial cancer   High volume  

摘要： Objective This study aimed to compare surgical outcomes and the adequacy of surgical staging in morbidly obese women with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 kg/m(2) or greater who underwent robotic surgery or laparotomy for the staging of endometrioid-type endometrial cancer. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent surgical staging between May 2011 and June 2014. Patients' demographics, surgical outcomes, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and pathological outcomes were compared. Results Seventy-six morbidly obese patients underwent robotic surgery, and 35 underwent laparotomy for surgical staging. Robotic surgery was associated with more lymph nodes collected with increasing BMI (P < 0.001) and decreased chances for postoperative respiratory failure and intensive care unit admissions (P = 0.03). Despite a desire to comprehensively stage all patients, we performed successful pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy in 96% versus 89% (P = 0.2) and 75% versus 60% (P = 0.12) of robotic versus laparotomy patients, respectively. In the robotic group, with median BMI of 47 kg/m(2), no conversions to laparotomy occurred. The robotic group experienced less blood loss and a shorter length of hospital stay than the laparotomy group;however, the surgeries were longer. Conclusions In a high-volume center, a high rate of comprehensive surgical staging can be achieved in patients with BMI of 40 kg/m(2) or greater either by laparotomy or robotic approach. In our experience, robotic surgery in morbidly obese patients is associated with better quality staging of endometrial cancer. With a comprehensive approach, a professional bedside assistant, use of a monopolar cautery hook, and our protocol of treating morbidly obese patients, robotic surgeries can be safely performed in the vast majority of patients with a BMI of 40 kg/m(2) or greater, with lymph node counts being similar to nonobese patients, and with conversions to laparotomy reduced to a m

关键词： Industrial robots   Cyber-physical systems   Computer integrated manufacturing systems   Supply chain management   Cloud computing  

摘要： The journal Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (RCIM) was first launched in 1984 by Professor Harold Liebowitz of George Washington University, USA. Since then, RCIM has been in good hands of the renowned colleagues in the fields of robotics and manufacturing for more than three decades. During the past 34 years, RCIM has published 50 volumes, 235 journal issues, and 1920 original research articles and literature reviews.

关键词： Task analysis   Trajectory   Robot kinematics   Flexible manufacturing systems   Generators   Service robots  

摘要： An important question for production engineers is, \"How do I automate this task?\" In traditional industrial automation, e.g., a car factory, robots perform a small set of tasks for long periods of time. Robots are selected because their kinematic structure and strength suit the task requirements, and their motions are preprogrammed by a skilled programmer. In flexible manufacturing environments, tasks can change daily or hourly. The classic approach to automation is less suitable here; buying a dedicated robot for each set of tasks is inefficient, and coding each task is very time-consuming. Furthermore, qualified programmers with the requisite knowledge may not be available. To solve these problems, we propose a framework for modular robots that determines their structure and program based on human demonstrations.

关键词： Neural networks  

摘要： Person detection from vehicles has made rapid progress recently with the advent of multiple high-quality datasets of urban and highway driving, yet no large-scale benchmark is available for the same problem in off-road or agricultural environments. Here we present the National Robotics Engineering Center (NREC) Agricultural Person-Detection Dataset to spur research in these environments. It consists of labeled stereo video of people in orange and apple orchards taken from two perception platforms (a tractor and a pickup truck), along with vehicle position data from Real Time Kinetic (RTK) GPS. We define a benchmark on part of the dataset that combines a total of 76k labeled person images and 19k sampled person-free images. The dataset highlights several key challenges of the domain, including varying environment, substantial occlusion by vegetation, people in motion and in nonstandard poses, and people seen from a variety of distances;metadata are included to allow targeted evaluation of each of these effects. Finally, we present baseline detection performance results for three leading approaches from urban pedestrian detection and our own convolutional neural network approach that benefits from the incorporation of additional image context. We show that the success of existing approaches on urban data does not transfer directly to this domain.

关键词： Autonomous agents   real-time systems   robots   robot programming   simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM)   software architecture  

摘要： In this paper, we discuss model-driven development (MDD) and real-time objected oriented software design paradigms to solve two uninhabited autonomous robotics problems. The first problem we analyze is that of a single robot that has strict timing requirements to perform simultaneous localization and mapping. The second problem we analyze is that of a swarming of flocks of various sizes. Both architectures are discussed and compared for the solution of complex robotics problems. The main contribution of this paper is the definition of an MDD methodology for solving robotics problems, its implementation and validation. Results show that the method can guarantee the real-time requirements for the applications.

关键词： Dynamic movement primitives (DMPs)   human-robot interaction   stiffness generalization   variable impedance skill transfer  

摘要： One promising approach for robots efficiently learning skills is to learn manipulation skills from human tutors by demonstration and then generalize these learned skills to complete new tasks. Traditional learning and generalization methods, however, have not well considered human impedance features, which makes the skills less humanlike and restricted in physical human-robot interaction scenarios. In particular, stiffness generalization has not been well considered. This paper develops a framework that enables the robot to learn both movement and stiffness features from the human tutor. To this end, the upper limb muscle activities of the human tutor aremonitored to extract variable stiffness in real time, and the estimated human arm endpoint stiffness is properly mapped into the robot impedance controller. Then, a dynamic movement primitives model is extended and employed to simultaneously encode the movement trajectories and the stiffness profiles. In this way, both position trajectory and stiffness profile are considered for robot motion control in this paper to realize a more complete skill transfer process. More importantly, stiffness generalization and movement generalization can be efficiently realized by the proposed framework. Experimental tests have been performed on a dual-arm Baxter robot to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： 机器人学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787121341953

摘要： 机器人和未来科技呈现给我们前所未有的机遇和威胁。将经济和社会的未来看作纯粹消极的或者纯粹积极的描述都存在本质上的不足和偏颇。前进的道路充满挑战，我们必须弥补现在与未来之间的关键差距，才能最大限度地获得未来带给我们的福利。