关键词： 仿生四足机器人   运动学   动力学   仿真分析  

摘要： 为了提高四足机器人的设计效率和设计的可靠性,缩短四足机器人研发周期,文章采用虚拟仿真技术对四足机器人进行仿真研究。文章对虚拟样机进行机构运动学与动力学分析,建立仿生四足机器人的运动学方程及拉格朗日动力学方程,利用三维建模软件pro/E建立实体模型导入到ADAMS中进行系统仿真,采用对角小跑步态,通过仿真结果验证了运动学和动力学数学建模的正确性,分析了影响机器人动态稳定性因素,为物理样机的设计提供了理论依据。

关键词： Kane方程   动力学建模   MATLAB  

摘要： 利用矩阵理论,在逆运动学分析的基础上,基于Kane方程推导出了3-PSS并联机器人的逆动力学方程。利用该方程,在给定动平台的运动规律及外载荷后,求得作用于滑块上的驱动力;利用MATLAB和ADAMS软件对推导结果进行仿真。

关键词： Ethics   Law   Drones   Robot sensing systems   Information and communication technology   Decision making  

摘要： This article summarizes the recommendations concerning robotics as issued by the Commission for the Ethics of Research in Information Sciences and Technologies (CERNA), the French advisory commission for the ethics of information and communication technology (ICT) research. Robotics has numerous applications in which its role can be overwhelming and may lead to unexpected consequences. In this rapidly evolving technological environment, CERNA does not set novel ethical standards but seeks to make ethical deliberation inseparable from scientific activity. Additionally, it provides tools and guidance for researchers and research institutions.

关键词： Service-oriented architecture (SOA)   Cloud computing   Robotics   Robot Cloud   Robot as a Service (RaaS)  

摘要： Cloud computing is shaping the cyber world and evolves as a key computing and service platform for sharing resources including platforms, software applications and everything in the form of services. This is known "X as a Service". Although it brings our age unparalleled computing ability and economic benefits, the application of cloud computing is still limited currently in the cyberspace due to the cloud services can only reside in cloud instead of our daily life environment. In fact, there are still a plethora of physical position based on-site service demands that cloud computing could help little due to the "cyber limitation". In this paper, we aim to integrate the cyber world and the physical world by bringing up the idea of "Robot Cloud" to bridge the power of robotics and cloud computing. To make it possible, we design a novel Robot Cloud stack to support our idea and adopt the service-oriented architecture (SOA) to make the functional modules in the Robot Cloud more flexible, extensible and reusable. Then we develop a prototype of Robot Cloud using the popular Google App Engine to demonstrate our design method. Finally, we conduct the simulation experiments with a "robot show" application scenario to evaluate our scheduling policy and identify the effect of different request distributions and robot center solutions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Agriculture   Cameras   Robot vision systems   Mobile robots   Food products  

摘要： Farmers are under growing pressure to intensify production to feed a growing population while managing environmental impact. Robotics has the potential to address these challenges by replacing large complex farm machinery with fleets of small autonomous robots. This article presents our research toward the goal of developing teams of autonomous robots that perform typical farm coverage operations. Making a large fleet of autonomous robots economical requires the use of inexpensive sensors, such as cameras for localization and obstacle avoidance. To this end, we describe a vision-based obstacle detection system that continually adapts to environmental and illumination variations and a visionassisted localization system that can guide a robot along crop rows with a complex appearance. Large fleets of robots will become time-consuming to monitor, control, and resupply. To reduce this burden, we describe a vision-based docking system for autonomously refilling liquid supplies and an interface for controlling multiple robots.

关键词： Educational robots   Mechanical engineering   Accreditation   Automation   Computer science  

摘要： This article presents the results of an online survey of faculty opinions on the state of robotics education with a focus on three topics: degree programs, introductory robotics courses, and educational resources. There were 67 institutions represented, the majority of which are doctoral granting universities located in the United States. I confirmed the existence of seven bachelor programs awarding approximately 140 degrees annually in addition to 26 graduate programs conferring 268 master’s and 83 doctoral degrees annually.

关键词： Special issues and sections   Robots   Artificial intelligence   Complex systems   Human factors  

摘要： The papers in this special section presents state-of-the-art research in the area of human-level artificial intelligence and robotic systems from a complex systems perspective. These papers aim to explore questions such as: What is a reasonable cognitive framework? How to build an embodied robotics system? How complex is human-level intelligence? What kinds of subsystems must be integrated to achieve human-level intelligence? To what degree does human-level intelligence rely on emergent properties? To what extent is complexity science (attractors, self-organizing criticality, network theory, and so on) useful for understanding human-level intelligence? To what extent can human-level intelligence be achieved by integrating components that have been engineered, tested, and perhaps commercially deployed for other, more specialized purposes?

关键词： POSTOPERATIVE pain   LENGTH of stay in hospitals   BLOOD transfusion   SURGICAL robots   SURGICAL complications  

关键词： LYMPHADENECTOMY   SURGICAL robots   PROSTATE cancer   ANTIGENS   EMISSION tomography  

摘要： The article offers information on robotic-assisted salvage lymph node dissection for nodal recurrence of prostate cancer. Topics discussed include positive response of prostate-specific antigen to surgery; comparison between the open and robot-assisted approach; and use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography with higher specificity for prostate cancer.

关键词： Small-scale robotics   Nanobots   Ethnography   Robot ecology   Nanotechnology   Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE)   Symbolic Interactionism  

摘要： The aim of this article is to extend the Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) engagements with nanotechnology (specifically, small-scale robotics) in university settings, in terms of a broader view of human capital. Nanotechnology as a novel technology presents challenges for HFE not only in terms of design and optimization but also in terms of the human aspects involved in the nanotechnology settings. Therefore, it is important to comprehend the knowledge production and work practices in nanotechnology settings. Correspondingly, this article presents two interrelated contributions. First, it presents one of the foremost studies conducted at the intersection of HFE and small-scale robotics. Second, it addresses a broader notion of human capital in nanotechnology settings in terms of knowledge and practices. Toward this end, this article presents an ethnographic case study of small-scale (micro- and nano-) robotics using the viewpoint of Symbolic Interactionism. This article characterizes three main facets of nanotechnology: nanotechnology as mode 2 knowledge;nanotechnology and university research;nanotechnology and innovation panarchy. Using these aspects as the overarching basis, the domain of nanorobotics is situated in university settings to capture a broader notion of human capital and work practices. The study revealed that the participants were constructing not only robots but also its ecology. The robot was best comprehended not as a technical artifact but as a sociotechnical endeavor. Thus, this research presents nanotechnology as a broader construct that goes beyond the limitations of size and scale and bridges the gap between teamwork, technical creations and the overarching ecology.