关键词： 团队建设   机器人竞赛   创新团队   创新能力  

摘要： 综合了多领域前沿技术的机器人竞赛正在国内外迅速发展,也成为高等院校对大学生进行创新能力培养的重要平台。本文在介绍机器人竞赛基本情况后,对创新团队建设的意义与目标进行了阐述,并依托机器人竞赛归纳了创新团队建设的对策,实现学生团队能力和创新能力的培养。

关键词： Soft robotics   Locomotion   Newton-Euler dynamics   MAVs   Fish-like robots  

摘要： In animal locomotion, either in fish or flying insects, the use of flexible terminal organs or appendages greatly improves the performance of locomotion (thrust and lift). In this article, we propose a general unified framework for modeling and simulating the (bio-inspired) locomotion of robots using soft organs. The proposed approach is based on the model of Mobile Multibody Systems (MMS). The distributed flexibilities are modeled according to two major approaches: the Floating Frame Approach (FFA) and the Geometrically Exact Approach (GEA). Encompassing these two approaches in the Newton-Euler modeling formalism of robotics, this article proposes a unique modeling framework suited to the fast numerical integration of the dynamics of a MMS in both the FFA and the GEA. This general framework is applied on two illustrative examples drawn from bio-inspired locomotion: the passive swimming in von Karman Vortex Street, and the hovering flight with flexible flapping wings.

关键词： 智能机器人   智能机器人   智能机器人  

ISBN: (纸本)9787121320514

摘要： 本书以教娱机器人的制作应用和竞赛机器人的制作竞赛为目标, 结合硬件模块和软件编程, 循序渐进地讲解每个模块所需专业知识和技术, 然后将这些知识和技术应用到产品制作和开发中。

关键词： Kinetostatic safety field   Safety assessment   Motion control   Physical human-robot interaction   Redundant robots  

摘要： Safety during interaction with unstructured and dynamic environments is now a well established requirement for complex robotic systems. A wide variety of approaches focus on the introduction of safety evaluation methods in order to shape a consequent safety-oriented control strategy, able to reactively prevent collisions between the robot and potential obstacles, including a human being. This paper presents a new safety assessment, named kinetostatic safety field, that captures the risk in the vicinity of an arbitrary rigid body "source of danger" (e.g. an obstacle, a human body part or a robot link) moving in R3. The safety field depends on the position and velocity of the body but it is also influenced by its real shape and size, ekploiting its triangular mesh. The introduction of a body-fixed reference frame in the definition of the field provides closed form computability and an effective computation time reduction, that allows for real-time applications. In particular, intensive computations, connected to the specific body geometry, can be performed only once and off-line, ensuring a fast and constant on-line computation time, independently Of the number of mesh elements. Furthermore, we combine the safety field concept with a safety-oriented reactive control strategy for redundant manipulators. Our approach allows to enhance safety in several real-time collision avoidance scenarios, including collision avoidance with potential obstacles, self-collision avoidance and safe human robot coexistence. The proposed control strategy is validated through experiments performed on an ABB FRIDA dual arm robot.

关键词： Interaction control   Model based control   Compliant robot base compensation   Impedance control   Industrial robotics  

摘要： Light-weight manipulators are used in industrial tasks mounted on mobile platforms to improve flexibility. However, such mountings introduce compliance affecting the tasks. This work deals with such scenarios by designing a controller that also takes into account compliant environments. The controller allows the tracking of a target force using the estimation of the environment stiffness (EKF) and the estimation of the base position (KF), compensating the robot base deformation. The closed-loop stability has been analyzed. Observers and the control law have been validated in experiments. An assembly task is considered with a standard industrial non-actuated mobile platform. Control laws with and without base compensation are compared.

关键词： Anthropomorphic robots  

摘要： The Electric Series Compliant Humanoid for Emergency Response (ESCHER) platform represents the culmination of four years of development at Virginia Tech to produce a full-sized force-controlled humanoid robot capable of operating in unstructured environments. ESCHER's locomotion capability was demonstrated at the DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) Finals when it successfully navigated the 61 m loose dirt course. Team VALOR, a Track A team, developed ESCHER leveraging and improving upon bipedal humanoid technologies implemented in previous research efforts, specifically for traversing uneven terrain and sustained untethered operation. This paper presents the hardware platform, software, and control systems developed to field ESCHER at the DRC Finals. ESCHER's unique features include custom linear series elastic actuators in both single and dual actuator configurations and a whole-body control framework supporting compliant locomotion across variable and shifting terrain. A high-level software system designed using the robot operating system integrated various open-source packages and interfaced with the existing whole-body motion controller. The paper discusses a detailed analysis of challenges encountered during the competition, along with lessons learned that are critical for transitioning research contributions to a fielded robot. Empirical data collected before, during, and after the DRC Finals validate ESCHER's performance in fielded environments. (C) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： ROBOTICS   ROBUST control   MATHEMATICAL formulas   FLUID dynamics   TECHNOLOGICAL innovations  

关键词： Anthropomorphic robots  

摘要： Recent robotics efforts have automated simple, repetitive tasks to increase execution speed and lessen an operator's cognitive load, allowing them to focus on higher-level objectives. However, an autonomous system will eventually encounter something unexpected, and if this exceeds the tolerance of automated solutions, there must be a way to fall back to teleoperation. Our solution is a largely autonomous system with the ability to determine when it is necessary to ask a human operator for guidance. We call this approach human-guided autonomy. Our design emphasizes human-on-the-loop control where an operator expresses a desired high-level goal for which the reasoning component assembles an appropriate chain of subtasks. We introduce our work in the context of the DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) Finals. We describe the software architecture Team TROOPER developed and used to control an Atlas humanoid robot. We employ perception, planning, and control automation for execution of subtasks. If subtasks fail, or if changing environmental conditions invalidate the planned subtasks, the system automatically generates a new task chain. The operator is able to intervene at any stage of execution, to provide input and adjustment to any control layer, enabling operator involvement to increase as confidence in automation decreases. We present our performance at the DRC Finals and a discussion about lessons learned. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Tethered Space Robot   dynamics modeling   dynamics analysis   model selection   offsets  

摘要： This work proposes a scheme to select a proper dynamics model for space debris removal which is captured by a Tethered Space Robot. A proper dynamics model is crucial for the parameters estimation and controller design in a Tethered Space Robot mission, in particular, for the retrieval or de-orbiting of uncooperative target. A new dynamics model of the system is derived by treating the base satellite and the space debris as rigid bodies in the presence of offsets, and with the effect of the tether's flexibility and elasticity. Then the equations of motion are simplified based on the attitude analysis and numerical simulations in different cases. It is concluded that in the Tethered Space Robot's mission, the strong coupled attitude motions among the base, target satellites, and the tether cannot be ignored during the retrieval, which is totally different from the traditional tethered satellite system. The attitude motions of the system in different conditions are discussed respectively, and a method of the model selection of the system during post-capture and retrieval/de-orbiting phase is proposed, which is a balance of the accuracy and facility. Finally, a control scheme is used to prove this conclusion.