关键词： Robotic surgery   Urogynaecology   Mesh erosion   TVT   Paravaginal repair  

摘要： Robotic surgery is proving essential in providing a minimally invasive approach to complex urogynaecological cases. This video highlights the diversity and complexity of cases performed using the robot-assisted approach. The robot-assisted approach was utilised for excellent effect in two complex urogynaecological cases. In the first case the entire left arm of an intravesically placed TVT was removed using a combined vaginal and robotic approach. The second case involved removing four paravaginal sutures, one of which breeched the bladder and was encrusted with calculus. These were placed during a laparoscopic paravaginal repair 2 years previously. She had a concomitant vaginal hysterectomy, Mc Calls culdoplasty and anterior wall repair. The robot-assisted approach allows for excellent access to the pelvis and retropubic space facilitating the surgical management of complex urogynaecology cases.

关键词： CT-based navigation   Mazor   Navigation   Pedicle screw   Robotics   ROSA   Spinal robotics   Spineassist  

摘要： Spine surgery has experienced much technological innovation over the past several decades. The field has seen advancements in operative techniques, implants and biologics, and equipment such as computer-assisted navigation and surgical robotics. With the arrival of real-time image guidance and navigation capabilities along with the computing ability to process and reconstruct these data into an interactive three-dimensional spinal "map", so too have the applications of surgical robotic technology. While spinal robotics and navigation represent promising potential for improving modern spinal surgery, it remains paramount to demonstrate its superiority as compared to traditional techniques prior to assimilation of its use amongst surgeons. The applications for intraoperative navigation and image-guided robotics have expanded to surgical resection of spinal column and intradural tumors, revision procedures on arthrodesed spines, and deformity cases with distorted anatomy. Additionally, these platforms may mitigate much of the harmful radiation exposure in minimally invasive surgery to which the patient, surgeon, and ancillary operating room staff are subjected. Spine surgery relies upon meticulous fine motor skills to manipulate neural elements and a steady hand while doing so, often exploiting small working corridors utilizing exposures that minimize collateral damage. Additionally, the procedures may be long and arduous, predisposing the surgeon to both mental and physical fatigue. In light of these characteristics, spine surgery may actually be an ideal candidate for the integration of navigation and robotic-assisted procedures. With this paper, we aim to critically evaluate the current literature and explore the options available for intraoperative navigation and robotic-assisted spine surgery.

关键词： MEA-based robotics   Neuron culture   Coding   Embodiment   Training   Research ethics  

摘要： Robotic systems consisting of a neuron culture grown on a multielectrode array (MEA) which is connected to a virtual or mechanical robot have been studied for approximately 15 years. It is hoped that these MEA-based robots will be able to address the problem that robots based on conventional computer technology are not very good at adapting to surprising or unusual situations, at least not when compared to biological organisms. It is also hoped that insights gained from MEA-based robotics can have applications within human enhancement and medicine. In this paper, I argue that researchers within this field risk overstating their results by not paying enough attention to fundamental challenges within the field. In particular, I investigate three problems: the coding problem, the embodiment problem and the training problem. I argue that none of these problems have been solved and that they are not likely to be solved within the field. After that, I discuss whether MEA-based robotics should be considered pop science. Finally, I investigate the ethical aspects of this research.

关键词： Human robot interaction  

摘要： This article presents a retrospective analysis of Team IHMC's experience throughout the DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC), where we took first or second place overall in each of the three phases. As an extremely demanding challenge typical of DARPA, the DRC required rapid research and development to push the boundaries of robotics and set a new benchmark for complex robotic behavior. We present how we addressed each of the eight tasks of the DRC and review our performance in the Finals. While the ambitious competition schedule limited extensive experimentation, we will review the data we collected during the approximately three years of our participation. We discuss some of the significant lessons learned that contributed to our success in the DRC. These include hardware lessons, software lessons, and human-robot integration lessons. We describe refinements to the coactive design methodology that helped our designers connect human-machine interaction theory to both implementation and empirical data. This approach helped our team focus our limited resources on the issues most critical to success. In addition to helping readers understand our experiences in developing on a Boston Dynamics Atlas robot for the DRC, we hope this article will provide insights that apply more widely to robotics development and design of human-machine systems. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： AI (Artificial Intelligence)   artificial personality   hybridity   Robotics   STS (Science, Technology and Society)  

摘要： The next-generation of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) sets a new horizon of inquiry into the obvious and hidden significances of the secular techno-society. By incorporating the perspectives of STS (Science, Technology and Society) into the sociology of religion, this article attempts to explore the social-religious significance found in the emerging relationships between the human and Robotics and AI. By referring to several cases of Robotics from Japan and the US, this article examines three versions of the relationship, namely, the physical, the social and the psychological. Several concrete cases are referred to for each aspect: the robot suit, the robotic arm, and BMI (Brain Machine Interface) for the physical relationship;PARO, a seal-like healing robot, OriHime, and Pepper for the social relationship;and a conversation with artificial ` personality' such as Bima48 for the psychological relationship. For each of this kind of relation, the involvement on Sociology of Religion is discussed.

关键词： Robots  

摘要： This paper discusses hardware and software improvements to the RoboSimian system leading up to and during the 2015 DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) Finals. Team RoboSimian achieved a 5th place finish by achieving 7 points in 47:59 min. We present an architecture that was structured to be adaptable at the lowest level and repeatable at the highest level. The low-level adaptability was achieved by leveraging tactile measurements from force torque sensors in the wrist coupled with whole-body motion primitives. We use the term "behaviors" to conceptualize this low-level adaptability. Each behavior is a contact-triggered state machine that enables execution of short-order manipulation and mobility tasks autonomously. At a high level, we focused on a teach-and-repeat style of development by storing executed behaviors and navigation poses in an object/task frame for recall later. This enabled us to perform tasks with high repeatability on competition day while being robust to task differences from practice to execution. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Robotics  

摘要： The article provides information on introduction of topic "Advanced Robotics in Manufacturing" by Chris Coons, cochair of the Senate Manufacturing Caucus, during 115th Congress of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).

关键词： 国际科技合作   沈阳自动化所   机器人学   机构学   自动化研究所   中国科学院   国家级  

摘要： 2016年12月16日～17日，2016年国家国际科技合作基地工作座谈会在杭州召开。会上同意认定由中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所申报的“先进机器人学与机构学国际联合研究中心”为国家国际科技合作基地（国家级国际联合研究中心类）。

关键词： 下肢外骨骼机器人   动力学分析   液压系统   数学模型   控制器  

摘要： 设计了一种可穿戴型下肢外骨骼机器人并简化为5连杆模型,根据人体下肢步态特点,对下肢外骨骼在单足和双足支撑期分别建立动力学方程,并应用ADAMS软件进行动力学仿真,通过几何关系,求出外骨骼的各关节的力矩和关节转角函数关系式,得到相关关节处的液压缸负载力计算模型。通过分析比例电磁阀的流量方程、液压缸的连续流量方程及其力平衡方程,建立外骨骼机器人的液压驱动系统数学模型。设计了基于位置控制的液压伺服PID控制器,通过MATLAB软件对外骨骼行走步态进行轨迹跟随仿真验证,结果表明:液压伺服系统控制器控制输出的信号能够满足下肢外骨骼机器人步态轨迹的要求。