关键词： 工业机器人   机械行业   职业院校   技能竞赛   职业技能培训   职业技能鉴定   高技能人才   制造企业  

摘要： 在行业相关企业、院校的积极倡导下，为了加快培养和选拔工业机器人领域高技能人才，为工业机器人制造企业、系统集成商和应用企业培养急需人才，促进和引导职业院校工业机器人相关专业建设，科学、规范的开展职业技能培训、职业技能鉴定和职业技能竞赛活动，机械工业职业技能鉴定指导中心（以下简称机械指导中心）组织行业骨干企业和有关院校组织编写了《工业机器人操作调整工》、《工业机器人装调维修工》两项职业技能标准，并于2017年3月14日在全行业隆重发布。

关键词： Real-time gait phase estimate   Adaptive oscillators   Phase error learning   Wearable robotics  

摘要： This paper presents a novel methodology for estimating the gait phase of human walking through a simple sensory apparatus. Three subsystems are combined: a primary phase estimator based on adaptive oscillators, a desired gait event detector and a phase error compensator. The estimated gait phase is expected to linearly increase from 0 to 2 rad in one stride and remain continuous also when transiting to the next stride. We designed two experimental scenarios to validate this gait phase estimator, namely treadmill walking at different speeds and free walking. In the case of treadmill walking, the maximum phase error at the desired gait events was found to be 0.155 rad, and the maximum phase difference between the end of the previous stride and beginning of the current stride was 0.020 rad. In the free walking trials, phase error at the desired gait event was never larger than 0.278 rad. Our algorithm outperformed against two other benchmarked methods. The good performance of our gait phase estimator could provide consistent and finely tuned assistance for an exoskeleton designed to augment the mobility of patients.

关键词： Robots   Motors   Actuators   Robotics   Surgery   Design   Fluids   Testing   Pressure  

摘要： Fusion of robotics and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has created new opportunities to develop diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Surgical robotics is advancing from externally actuated systems to miniature in-vivo robotics. However, with miniaturization of electric-motor- driven surgical robots, there comes a trade-off between the size of the robot and its capability. Slow actuation, low load capacity, sterilization difficulties, leaking electricity and transferring produced heat to tissues, and high cost are among the key limitations of the use of electric motors in in-vivo applications. Fluid power in the form of hydraulics or pneumatics has a long history in driving many industrial devices and could be exploited to circumvent these limitations. High power density and good compatibility with the in-vivo environment are the key advantages of fluid power over electric motors when it comes to in-vivo applications. However, fabrication of hydraulic/ pneumatic actuators within the desired size and pressure range required for in-vivo surgical robotic applications poses new challenges. Sealing these types of miniature actuators at operating pressures requires obtaining very fine surface finishes which is difficult and costly. The research described here presents design, fabrication, and testing of a hydraulic/ pneumatic double-acting cylinder, a limited-motion vane motor, and a balloon-actuated laparoscopic grasper. These actuators are small, seal-less, easy to fabricate, disposable, and inexpensive, thus ideal for single-use in-vivo applications. To demonstrate the ability of these actuators to drive robotic joints, they were modified and integrated in a robotic arm. The design and testing of this surgical robotic arm are presented to validate the concept of fluid-power actuators for in-vivo applications.

关键词： CT-based navigation   Mazor   Navigation   Pedicle screw   Robotics   ROSA   Spinal robotics   Spineassist  

摘要： Spine surgery has experienced much technological innovation over the past several decades. The field has seen advancements in operative techniques, implants and biologics, and equipment such as computer-assisted navigation and surgical robotics. With the arrival of real-time image guidance and navigation capabilities along with the computing ability to process and reconstruct these data into an interactive three-dimensional spinal "map", so too have the applications of surgical robotic technology. While spinal robotics and navigation represent promising potential for improving modern spinal surgery, it remains paramount to demonstrate its superiority as compared to traditional techniques prior to assimilation of its use amongst surgeons. The applications for intraoperative navigation and image-guided robotics have expanded to surgical resection of spinal column and intradural tumors, revision procedures on arthrodesed spines, and deformity cases with distorted anatomy. Additionally, these platforms may mitigate much of the harmful radiation exposure in minimally invasive surgery to which the patient, surgeon, and ancillary operating room staff are subjected. Spine surgery relies upon meticulous fine motor skills to manipulate neural elements and a steady hand while doing so, often exploiting small working corridors utilizing exposures that minimize collateral damage. Additionally, the procedures may be long and arduous, predisposing the surgeon to both mental and physical fatigue. In light of these characteristics, spine surgery may actually be an ideal candidate for the integration of navigation and robotic-assisted procedures. With this paper, we aim to critically evaluate the current literature and explore the options available for intraoperative navigation and robotic-assisted spine surgery.

关键词： MEA-based robotics   Neuron culture   Coding   Embodiment   Training   Research ethics  

摘要： Robotic systems consisting of a neuron culture grown on a multielectrode array (MEA) which is connected to a virtual or mechanical robot have been studied for approximately 15 years. It is hoped that these MEA-based robots will be able to address the problem that robots based on conventional computer technology are not very good at adapting to surprising or unusual situations, at least not when compared to biological organisms. It is also hoped that insights gained from MEA-based robotics can have applications within human enhancement and medicine. In this paper, I argue that researchers within this field risk overstating their results by not paying enough attention to fundamental challenges within the field. In particular, I investigate three problems: the coding problem, the embodiment problem and the training problem. I argue that none of these problems have been solved and that they are not likely to be solved within the field. After that, I discuss whether MEA-based robotics should be considered pop science. Finally, I investigate the ethical aspects of this research.

关键词： Human robot interaction  

摘要： This article presents a retrospective analysis of Team IHMC's experience throughout the DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC), where we took first or second place overall in each of the three phases. As an extremely demanding challenge typical of DARPA, the DRC required rapid research and development to push the boundaries of robotics and set a new benchmark for complex robotic behavior. We present how we addressed each of the eight tasks of the DRC and review our performance in the Finals. While the ambitious competition schedule limited extensive experimentation, we will review the data we collected during the approximately three years of our participation. We discuss some of the significant lessons learned that contributed to our success in the DRC. These include hardware lessons, software lessons, and human-robot integration lessons. We describe refinements to the coactive design methodology that helped our designers connect human-machine interaction theory to both implementation and empirical data. This approach helped our team focus our limited resources on the issues most critical to success. In addition to helping readers understand our experiences in developing on a Boston Dynamics Atlas robot for the DRC, we hope this article will provide insights that apply more widely to robotics development and design of human-machine systems. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： creativity   robotics   education   STEM  

摘要： The School Robotics Initiative (SRI), a problem-based robotics program for elementary school students, was developed with the objective of reaching students early on to instill an interest in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math disciplines. The purpose of this exploratory, observational study was to examine how the SRI fosters student creative behavior. Weekly observations of 194 students (4th-6th grade) were conducted in three classrooms, over 3 years. Supplemental data were collected from student-written journals. Data were coded for themes. The findings revealed that the robotics classrooms were characterized by a high degree of energy. The students worked intensely on robotic tasks, engaging in a two-stage creative process that involved first designing a robot with a preplanned or spontaneous work approach, followed by an iterative period of trial and error creative programming. A variety of creativity techniques were observed being used. The SRI was shown to develop creative behavior in the students through the myriad of creative robot products generated. Based on the findings, the authors propose a componential model for developing creative behavior in the students through robotics, which includes a set of social, psychological, and physical elements necessary for the students to produce creative results in school robotics programs.

关键词： Robotic surgery   Urogynaecology   Mesh erosion   TVT   Paravaginal repair  

摘要： Robotic surgery is proving essential in providing a minimally invasive approach to complex urogynaecological cases. This video highlights the diversity and complexity of cases performed using the robot-assisted approach. The robot-assisted approach was utilised for excellent effect in two complex urogynaecological cases. In the first case the entire left arm of an intravesically placed TVT was removed using a combined vaginal and robotic approach. The second case involved removing four paravaginal sutures, one of which breeched the bladder and was encrusted with calculus. These were placed during a laparoscopic paravaginal repair 2 years previously. She had a concomitant vaginal hysterectomy, Mc Calls culdoplasty and anterior wall repair. The robot-assisted approach allows for excellent access to the pelvis and retropubic space facilitating the surgical management of complex urogynaecology cases.

关键词： Robotics  

摘要： The article provides information on introduction of topic "Advanced Robotics in Manufacturing" by Chris Coons, cochair of the Senate Manufacturing Caucus, during 115th Congress of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).

关键词： AI (Artificial Intelligence)   artificial personality   hybridity   Robotics   STS (Science, Technology and Society)  

摘要： The next-generation of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) sets a new horizon of inquiry into the obvious and hidden significances of the secular techno-society. By incorporating the perspectives of STS (Science, Technology and Society) into the sociology of religion, this article attempts to explore the social-religious significance found in the emerging relationships between the human and Robotics and AI. By referring to several cases of Robotics from Japan and the US, this article examines three versions of the relationship, namely, the physical, the social and the psychological. Several concrete cases are referred to for each aspect: the robot suit, the robotic arm, and BMI (Brain Machine Interface) for the physical relationship;PARO, a seal-like healing robot, OriHime, and Pepper for the social relationship;and a conversation with artificial ` personality' such as Bima48 for the psychological relationship. For each of this kind of relation, the involvement on Sociology of Religion is discussed.