关键词： robotics   soft matter   dynamical systems  

摘要： Discovery of fundamental principles which govern and limit effective locomotion (self-propulsion) is of intellectual interest and practical importance. Human technology has created robotic moving systems that excel in movement on and within environments of societal interest: paved roads, open air and water. However, such devices cannot yet robustly and efficiently navigate (as animals do) the enormous diversity of natural environments which might be of future interest for autonomous robots;examples include vertical surfaces like trees and cliffs, heterogeneous ground like desert rubble and brush, turbulent flows found near seashores, and deformable/flowable substrates like sand, mud and soil. In this review we argue for the creation of a physics of moving systems-a 'locomotion robophysics'-which we define as the pursuit of principles of self-generated motion. Robophysics can provide an important intellectual complement to the discipline of robotics, largely the domain of researchers from engineering and computer science. The essential idea is that we must complement the study of complex robots in complex situations with systematic study of simplified robotic devices in controlled laboratory settings and in simplified theoretical models. We must thus use the methods of physics to examine both locomotor successes and failures using parameter space exploration, systematic control, and techniques from dynamical systems. Using examples from our and others' research, we will discuss how such robophysical studies have begun to aid engineers in the creation of devices that have begun to achieve life-like locomotor abilities on and within complex environments, have inspired interesting physics questions in low dimensional dynamical systems, geometric mechanics and soft matter physics, and have been useful to develop models for biological locomotion in complex terrain. The rapidly decreasing cost of constructing robot models with easy access to significant computational power

关键词： Sociology of law   Institution   Service robotics   Autonomy   Robot agency   Responsibility ascription   Liability   Reflexive institutionalization  

摘要： Service and personal care robots are starting to cross the threshold into the wilderness of everyday life, where they are supposed to interact with inexperienced lay users in a changing environment. In order to function as intended, robots must become independent entities that monitor themselves and improve their own behaviours based on learning outcomes in practice. This poses a great challenge to robotics, which we are calling the "autonomy-safety-paradox" (ASP). The integration of robot applications into society requires the reconciliation of two conflicting aspects: increasing machine autonomy and ensuring safety in end-use. As the level of robot autonomy grows, the risk of accidents will increase, and it will become more and more difficult to identify who is responsible for any damage incurred. However, emphasizing safety impairs the autonomous functioning of the robot. This problem implies the need for a broadened concept of product safety. Our comparative study shows that the institutional framing of the ASP as well as concrete solutions to this problem differs between Europe and Japan in two respects: (1) the understanding of robot agency and (2) the concept of "appropriate" user-robot interaction.

关键词： Human biomechanics   Man-machine systems   Robot dynamics   Control of robotic systems   Mechatronic systems  

摘要： This paper treats the systematic injury analysis of lower arm robot-human impacts. For this purpose, a passive mechanical lower arm (PMLA) was developed that mimics the human impact response and is suitable for systematic impact testing and prediction of mild contusions and lacerations. A mathematical model of the passive human lower arm is adopted to the control of the PMLA. Its biofidelity is verified by a number of comparative impact experiments with the PMLA and a human volunteer. The respective dynamic impact responses show very good consistency and support the fact that the developed device may serve as a human substitute in safety analysis for the described conditions. The collision tests were performed with two different robots: the DLR Lightweight Robot III (LWR-III) and the EPSON PS3L industrial robot. The data acquired in the PMLA impact experiments were used to encapsulate the results in a robot independent safety curve, taking into account robot's reflected inertia, velocity and impact geometry. Safety curves define the velocity boundaries on robot motions based on the instantaneous manipulator dynamics and possible human injury due to unforeseen impacts.

摘要： We present the results of theoretical and experimental investigations of the motion of a spherical robot on a plane. The motion is actuated by a platform with omniwheels placed inside the robot. The control of the spherical robot is based on a dynamic model in the nonholonomic statement expressed as equations of motion in quasivelocities with indeterminate coefficients. A number of experiments have been carried out that confirm the adequacy of the dynamic model proposed.

关键词： Space robot   Dynamics modeling   Jourdain's velocity variation principle   Hertz contact and impact theory   Active control  

摘要： In many kinds of on-orbit space robot tasks, capturing free floating target using space robot attracts more attention of researchers. However, most existing researches about dynamics and control of space robot concern planar problem, and the effect of flexible panel on capturing dynamics of the system is not considered. In this paper, spatial dynamics and control of a 6-DOF space robot with flexible panels are investigated and spatial impact problem is considered. Dynamic model of the system is established by the single direction recursive construction method and the Jourdain's velocity variation principle. The Hertz contact and impact theory and the method of computer graphics are used to establish the impact model. The computed torque control method is used to design active controller to suppress the spacecraft drift caused by the impact. Numerical simulation results show that the established dynamic model is effective in describing the dynamics behavior of the space robot;flexible panels have big influence on impact dynamic characteristics;the designed controller may effectively control the spacecraft drift during the capture process. (C) 2016 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Automation   Manufacturing   Robots   Bids   Robotics   Suppliers   Employment   Manufacturers   Quality   Electronic commerce   Sourcing  

摘要： The simple proposition that no two automation solutions using robotics are alike because no two manufacturing processes are identical presented a major challenge to Daniel Drernnen of Deshazo LLC (Alabaster, AL). Deshazo offers robotic vision systems that allow robots to perform quality control inspection, parts picking, and other automating processes for the steel, aerospace, automotive, and consumer products industries, among others. Its robotic packaging systems give robots the capacity to determine what product goes into a particular package and then box the product. Recent engineered solutions include a vision-guided robot to load castings into a high-speed machining center, while another uses a robot to do spot welding for catalytic converter housings. Still others employ robotic systems to perform filling, capping, and labeling functions for hazardous materials, residential coil assembly for an HVAC manufacturer; and assembly for a consumer goods manufacturer. The applications for robotics are limitless, but each solution creates a unique parts need," said Drerinen.

关键词： ROBOTICS   ARTIFICIAL intelligence  

摘要： The article discusses a report on robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) from the House of Commons Science and Technology (S&T) Committee of Great Britain has received response from the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) that is expected to create job opportunities for individuals.

关键词： 机器人竞赛   智能机器人   Robocup   FIRA   机器人足球   数据技术   FIRST   robotics   意义分析   识别信号  

摘要： 一、国际机器人竞赛的现状分析随着云计算、大数据技术与深度学习的不断发展,智能机器人领域逐渐成为“全球增长最快的产业”,正在被大批量地部署到生产与生活领域,承担各种任务。相关国际性竞赛自上个世纪开始兴起,经历了逐步从单一到综合、从简单到复杂的发展历程。迄今包括Robocup机器人世界杯、机器人舞蹈竞赛、机器人武术擂台赛、机器人搜救竞赛、国际机器人灭火竞赛以及FIRST系列等等。

关键词： Robotics  

关键词： 机器人   竞赛   普及型   教育内容   教育普及   多媒体   载体  

摘要： 机器人．我个人一直认为是一种教育的“工具”，严格意义上来说，其存在的价值和我们教学中使用的书本、多媒体等没有本质的区别——它只是教育内容的一个载体而已。透过载体，我们教会孩子什么，这才是我们更应该关注的重点。所以我们先抛开产品．从机器人教育普及和机器人竞赛这两个层面来看它们的区别。