关键词： 高压输电线路   螺栓紧固机器人   拧螺栓末端   多臂机器人   结构设计   动力学分析  

摘要： 以高压输电线路耐张线夹引流板螺栓为作业对象,研究提出了一种可以沿高压输电线路行驶并由双作业臂携带螺栓紧固末端工具进行耐张线夹引流板螺栓紧固的带电作业机器人。研究提出了一种四臂移动作业的螺栓紧固作业机器人构型,即移动机器人的双臂、一个携带螺栓固定末端的机械手、一个携带螺栓拧紧末端的机械手,研究了带电作业机器人的机械结构,分析了作业末端的性能与携带螺栓拧紧末端的机械手动力学模型,研制了机器人样机。通过在实际线路上的带电作业试验,验证了提出的构型方案的正确性和有效性。

关键词： Medical robotics   Interventional imaging   Multimodal imaging   Breast cancer   Inside-out tracking  

摘要： The staging of female breast cancer requires detailed information about the level of cancer spread through the lymphatic system. Common practice to obtain this information for patients with early-stage cancer is sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, where LNs are radioactively identified for surgical removal and subsequent histological analysis. Punch needle biopsy is a less invasive approach but suffers from the lack of combined anatomical and nuclear information. We present and evaluate a system that introduces live collaborative robotic 2D gamma imaging in addition to live 2D ultrasound to identify SLNs in the surrounding anatomy. The system consists of a robotic arm equipped with both a gamma camera and a stereoscopic tracking system that monitors the position of an ultrasound probe operated by the physician. The arm cooperatively places the gamma camera parallel to the ultrasound imaging plane to provide live multimodal visualization and guidance. We validate the system by evaluating the target registration errors between fused nuclear and US image data in a phantom consisting of two spheres, one of which is filled with radioactivity. Medical experts perform punch biopsies on agar-gelatine phantoms with complex configurations of hot and cold lesions to provide a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the system. The average point registration error for the overlay is mm. The time of the entire procedure was reduced by 36 %, with 80v of the biopsies being successful. The users' feedback was very positive, and the system was deemed to be very intuitive, with handling similar to classic US-guided needle biopsy. We present and evaluate the first medical collaborative robotic imaging system. Feedback from potential users for SLN punch needle biopsy is encouraging. Ongoing work investigates the clinical feasibility with more complex and realistic phantoms.

关键词： Robotic manipulators   Motor dynamics   Path tracking   Optimal trajectory   Optimal control   Convex optimization  

摘要： To fully utilize the dynamic performance of robotic manipulators and enforce minimum motion time in path tracking, the problem of minimum time path tracking for robotic manipulators under confined torque, change rate of the torque, and voltage of the DC motor is considered. The main contribution is the introduction of the concepts of virtual change rate of the torque and the virtual voltage, which are linear functions in the state and control variables and are shown to be very tight approximation to the real ones. As a result, the computationally challenging non-convex minimum time path tracking problem is reduced to a convex optimization problem which can be solved efficiently. It is also shown that introducing dynamics constraints can significantly improve the motion precision without costing much in motion time, especially in the case of high speed motion. Extensive simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： underwater robot   batoid Dasyotis   diving maneuver   computational fluid dynamics  

摘要： As part of a design project for a batoid-inspired underwater robot, its dive to a predetermined depth is questioned here. Previously, the vehicle was designed with a streamlined hull shape that resembles a Dasyatis batoid fish, and the fish locomotion was imitated using undulating fins at each side. We did not, however, provide a buoyancy engine or any fins to turn the vessel in the vertical plane and conduct diving maneuvers. We expect to leave the vessel on the water surface, and it dives to a desired depth and then maintains a constant pitch angle and a constant forward speed. A new technique is invented here: the thrust forces of the two fins are shifted off the central top-bottom symmetry plane of the hull, therefore producing a pitching moment on the vessel. An initial trim is also introduced by shifting the center of mass forward the center of buoyancy. Therefore, the vessel is initially bowed down and, by its out-of-plane thrust force, adjusts its pitch attitude. The question is whether a final balance between the thrust force and the hydrodynamic forces will be feasible. The hydrodynamic forces at such forward speeds and attack angles were numerically derived using the computational fluid dynamics powerful software ANSYS-CFX.

关键词： Curriculum   Robotic surgery   Robot assisted   Resident training   General surgery  

摘要： The robotic surgical platform is being utilized by a growing number of hospitals across the country, including academic medical centers. Training programs are tasked with teaching their residents how to utilize this technology. To this end, we have developed and implemented a robotic surgical curriculum, and share our initial experience here. Our curriculum was implemented for all General Surgical residents for the academic year 2014-2015. The curriculum consisted of online training, readings, bedside training, console simulation, participating in ten cases as bedside first assistant, and operating at the console. 20 surgical residents were included. Residents were provided the curriculum and notified the department upon completion. Bedside assistance and operative console training were completed in the operating room through a mix of biliary, foregut, and colorectal cases. During the fiscal years of 2014 and 2015, there were 164 and 263 robot-assisted surgeries performed within the General Surgery Department, respectively. All 20 residents completed the online and bedside instruction portions of the curriculum. Of the 20 residents trained, 13/20 (65 %) sat at the Surgeon console during at least one case. Utilizing this curriculum, we have trained and incorporated residents into robot-assisted cases in an efficient manner. A successful curriculum must be based on didactic learning, reading, bedside training, simulation, and training in the operating room. Each program must examine their caseload and resident class to ensure proper exposure to this platform.

关键词： underwater robot   Batoid (Dasyatis)   hydrodynamics   thrust mechanism   design  

摘要： Given the facts that a vast area of the earth is covered by water and the average depth of the oceans is more than 3,000 m, the issue of the unknowns beneath the water surface is a challenging and questionable one. It has been a few decades since remotely operated vehicles as well as untethered underwater robots have appeared and elevated the level of complex engineering. In this category, underwater robots that mimic fish and aquatic creatures open new horizons. In this article, imitating the body shape, kinematics, and swimming mechanism of a batoid fish (Dasyatidae), a vessel is designed that can swim at an acceptable speed with a limited amount of power. The hull shape is based on a cardioid curve, and drag force is calculated using fundamentals of fluid mechanics. Propulsion of the robot-fish is two wings at starboard and port that are undulating backward;thrust is approximated versus shaft speed. Finally, the power for swimming at the design speed is evaluated and compared with the available data of similar orders of magnitude.

关键词： robotic   ureteral reimplantation   Boari flap   psoas hitch   ureteral stricture  

摘要： Objective To describe our robot-assisted Boari flap ureteric reimplantation (RA-BFUR) technique, Please see Video S1. Methods The RA-BFUR technique is based on the open surgical technique of Ubelhor, and the experience includes 11 cases. Results Excellent results were achieved after a mean follow-up period of > 12 months. Conclusion The RA-BFUR technique could be considered a safe and effective method of ureteric reimplantation for long distal ureteric strictures.

关键词： Applied physics   Materials science   Technology   Engineering  

摘要： Meet the octobot, the first robot to be made entirely from soft materials. Powered by a chemical reaction and controlled by a fluidic logic circuit, it heralds a generation of soft robots that might surpass conventional machines. See Letter p.451

关键词： 并联机器人   动力学   牛顿欧拉方法   仿真  

摘要： 研究一种3-RRRT新型高速并联机器人的运动学及动力学建模及分析方法。采用D-H法建立了各构件体坐标系,以此为基础,建立了3-RRRT并联机器人运动学模型,并给出了其位置解析解;基于牛顿欧拉递推动力学方法进行了系统动力学模型构建,并利用MATLAB进行运动学和动力学数值仿真,得出了系统实现既定轨迹跟踪所需的驱动力矩,并对结果进行了分析。该建模方法的优点是计算量小,并可求得杆件的受力情况,便于实时控制,可为3-RRRT并联机器人的研究提供分析数据,进而为改进其控制策略提供参考和依据。

关键词： 机器人动力学   控制智能化   多体系统动力学   专题   性能评价指标   变形机器人   人的发展   力学理论  

摘要： 机器人动力学的研究是所有类型机器人发展过程中不可逾越的环节，也是形成机器人终极产品性能评价指标重要的科学依据，以往机器人的发展已经表明，多体系统动力学是机器人研发中不可或缺的基础力学理论。随着新型传动与驱动机构以及智能与软物质材料的出现，可以预计柔性化、软性化、可变化、微型化和控制智能化将成为未来机器人发展的重要方向，使机器人的各种作动更接近生物体的仿生体，因此，以仿生为主要特征的刚柔耦合、柔软体和变形机器人对任务和环境的适应性强，其快速发展在一定程度上将促进机器人研究的步伐，同时，这种趋势和需求也将会使得机器人动力学和控制研究面临重大挑战。