关键词： Artificial gene amplification and extension   Bacteria   Biochemistry   Biological databases   Biology and life sciences   Boiling   Cell biology   Cellular structures and organelles   Computational biology   Condensed matter physics   Database and informatics methods   Dentition   Digestive physiology   DNA extraction   Extraction techniques   Genetics   Genome analysis   Genomics   Medicine and health sciences   Molecular biology   Molecular biology techniques   Non-coding RNA   Nucleic acids   Organisms   Phase transitions   Physical sciences   Physics   Physiology   Polymerase chain reaction   Research and analysis methods   Research Article   Ribosomal RNA   Ribosomes   RNA   Sequence analysis   Sequence assembly tools   Sequence databases   Sequencing techniques   Vaporization  

摘要： The rapid improvement of next-generation sequencing performance now enables us to analyze huge sample sets with more than ten thousand specimens. However, DNA extraction can still be a limiting step in such metagenomic approaches. In this study, we analyzed human oral microbes to compare the performance of three DNA extraction methods: PowerSoil (a method widely used in this field), QIAsymphony (a robotics method), and a simple boiling method. Dental plaque was initially collected from three volunteers in the pilot study and then expanded to 12 volunteers in the follow-up study. Bacterial flora was estimated by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA following species-level profiling. Our results indicate that the efficiency of PowerSoil and QIAsymphony was comparable to the boiling method. Therefore, the boiling method may be a promising alternative because of its simplicity, cost effectiveness, and short handling time. Moreover, this method was reliable for estimating bacterial species and could be used in the future to examine the correlation between oral flora and health status. Despite this, differences in the efficiency of DNA extraction for various bacterial species were observed among the three methods. Based on these findings, there is no "gold standard" for DNA extraction. In future, we suggest that the DNA extraction method should be selected on a case-by-case basis considering the aims and specimens of the study.

关键词： assistive device evaluation   identification   Humanoid robot   joint torque estimation  

摘要： This paper presents the new application of a humanoid robot as an evaluator of human-assistive devices. The reliable and objective evaluation framework for assistive devices is necessary for making industrial standards in order that those devices are used in various applications. In this framework, we utilize a recent humanoid robot with its high similarity to humans, human motion retargeting techniques to a humanoid robot, and identification techniques of robot's mechanical properties. We also show two approaches to estimate supporting torques from the sensor data, which can be used properly according to the situations. With the general formulation of the wire-driven multi-body system, the supporting torque of passive assistive devices is also formulated. We evaluate a passive assistive wear 'Smart Suit Lite (SSL)' as an example of device, and use HRP-4 as the humanoid platform.

关键词： Out-of-school-time   Mentoring   Robotics   Student led  

摘要： Mentors play important roles in determining the working environment of out-of-school-time clubs. On robotics teams, they provide guidance in hopes that their proteges progress through an engineering process. This study examined how mentors on one robotics team who defined their mentoring style as 'let the students do the work' navigated the challenges of a 'build season' and participation in regional competitions. What were some of the challenges faced by mentors and students? How did they cope when students played the largest role in team and design decisions? The mentor-student interactions captured in the research showed mentors playing supporting roles while students took command of all aspects of building the robot. The students on the team found themselves self-directing, learning, and gaining confidence by doing, and having fun with like-minded peers.

关键词： 北京航空航天大学   科技创新   青少年   机器人   中国科学院院士   竞赛   中国科协   专家委员会  

摘要： 2016年3月27日,第36届北京青少年科技创新大赛、第16届北京青少年机器人竞赛闭幕颁奖活动在中国科学院大学雁栖湖校区举行。中国科学院院士、物理学家陈佳洱,中国科学院院士、中国科学院副院长、中国科学院大学校长丁仲礼,中国科学院院士、中国科学院大学副校长、中国青少年机器人竞赛专家委员会主任吴岳良,中国科学院院士、北京航空航天大学副校长房建成,北京市副市长隋振江,中国科协党组成员、中国科技馆馆长束为,北京市科协党组书记、常务副主席夏强,

关键词： 鲁棒控制   自适应控制   轨迹跟踪   串联机器人  

摘要： 针对鲁棒控制在串联机器人轨迹跟踪控制性能较差以及自适应控制收敛性能有限、容易出现震荡和发散的现象,为了提高串联机器人的作业精度和效率,本文在辨识机器人模型参数的基础上,考虑机器人动力学及摩擦特性,并将自适应鲁棒控制的积分型的参数估计修改为比例积分型的参数估计,提出了改进自适应鲁棒控制算法。仿真验证表明:本文提出的改进自适应鲁棒控制算法提高了系统的稳态性能以及运动控制性能,实现了较高的轨迹跟踪精确度。

关键词： 机器人大赛   高职   单片机课改  

摘要： 研究了将竞赛机器人元素融入高职单片机课改的可行性,并成功地实现了基于机器人的单片机课改,不仅改善了单片机课程的教学效果,也促使学生在竞赛中不断取得好成绩。

关键词： 中小学教师   电脑制作   培训班   百色市   比赛   机器人竞赛   作品点评   修订说明  

摘要： 为了迎接第十七届全国中小学电脑制作比赛，百色市近期首次举办了相关培训班，来自该市12个县（市、区）共300余名中小学教师参加了培训。本次培训邀请全国电脑制作比赛评委及专家进行授课，专家对比赛指南修订说明进行解读，并开设评选类项目作品创作思路及作品点评、竞赛类项目经验分享、机器人竞赛的团队建设和现场编程体验等课程。

关键词： 凯恩方法   动力学方程   建模   仿真  

摘要： 6R串联机器人为非线性输入输出多杆耦合的位置时变动力学系统,用凯恩方法建立了机器人力学方程,在Sim Mechanics环境下进行计算机辅助建模,并相互验证和分析了两种模型的正确性。为机器人机构设计、关节驱动、传动方案选取、操作机的实时控制、前馈补偿以及伺服系统增益控制提供了理论依据。

关键词： 科技社团   首都师范大学   机器人工程   机器人竞赛   知识积淀   机器人智能   生物实验室   创新实验   模拟飞行   最佳创意奖  

摘要： 不要哭,失败只是偶尔的错误,不要满足,成功只是瞬间的欢呼。当你从无数的失败和痛苦中走过来时,请不要气馁,成功,有时候只是＂再试一试＂。这句话,正是首都师范大学附属中学科技社团宣传片中的一句口号。生活因科技而精彩首都师范大学附属中学科技社团创建于2013年,是一个以科技为主题的创新型社团。社团本着培养学生们科技兴趣的宗旨,强调动手动脑,多实践,以多样化的形式开展各类活动,

关键词： Automation   Robots   Robotics   Shipments   Year in review  

摘要： Robot orders and shipments in North America set new records in 2015, according to Robotic Industries Association, the industry’s trade group. A total of 31.464 robots valued at 1.8 billion dollars were ordered from North American companies during 2015, an increase of 14% in units and 11% in dollars over 2014. Robot shipments also set new records, with 28,049 robots valued at 1.6 billion dollars shipped to North American customers in 2015. Shipments grew 10% in units and 9% in dollars over the previous records set in 2014. The automotive industry was the primary driver of growth in 2015, with robot orders increasing 19% year over year. Non-automotive robot orders grew 5% over 2014. The leading non-automotive industry in 2015 in terms of order growth was Semiconductors and Electronics at 35%.