关键词： robotics   transoral   surgery   training   credentialing  

摘要： Training and credentialing for robotic surgery in otolaryngology - head and neck surgery is currently not standardized, but rather relies heavily on industry guidance. This manuscript represents a comprehensive review of this increasingly important topic and outlines clear recommendations to better standardize the practice. The recommendations provided can be used as a reference by individuals and institutions alike, and are expected to evolve over time. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Surgical robotics   Skill learning   Skill analysis   Learning to perceive  

摘要： Advances in technology and computing play an increasingly important role in the evolution of modern surgical techniques and paradigms. This article reviews the current role of machine learning (ML) techniques in the context of surgery with a focus on surgical robotics (SR). Also, we provide a perspective on the future possibilities for enhancing the effectiveness of procedures by integrating ML in the operating room. The review is focused on ML techniques directly applied to surgery, surgical robotics, surgical training and assessment. The widespread use of ML methods in diagnosis and medical image computing is beyond the scope of the review. Searches were performed on PubMed and IEEE Explore using combinations of keywords: ML, surgery, robotics, surgical and medical robotics, skill learning, skill analysis and learning to perceive. Studies making use of ML methods in the context of surgery are increasingly being reported. In particular, there is an increasing interest in using ML for developing tools to understand and model surgical skill and competence or to extract surgical workflow. Many researchers begin to integrate this understanding into the control of recent surgical robots and devices. ML is an expanding field. It is popular as it allows efficient processing of vast amounts of data for interpreting and real-time decision making. Already widely used in imaging and diagnosis, it is believed that ML will also play an important role in surgery and interventional treatments. In particular, ML could become a game changer into the conception of cognitive surgical robots. Such robots endowed with cognitive skills would assist the surgical team also on a cognitive level, such as possibly lowering the mental load of the team. For example, ML could help extracting surgical skill, learned through demonstration by human experts, and could transfer this to robotic skills. Such intelligent surgical assistance would significantly surpass the state of the art in surgical r

关键词： Bifurcation   Legged Locomotion   Chaos   Chaotic Mobile Robot   Fractal   Modular Robot   Optimization Methods   Swarm Intelligence  

摘要： This article presents a summary of applications of chaos and fractals in robotics. Firstly, basic concepts of deterministic chaos and fractals are discussed. Then, fundamental tools of chaos theory used for identifying and quantifying chaotic dynamics will be shared. Principal applications of chaos and fractal structures in robotics research, such as chaotic mobile robots, chaotic behaviour exhibited by mobile robots interacting with the environment, chaotic optimization algorithms, chaotic dynamics in bipedal locomotion and fractal mechanisms in modular robots will be presented. A brief survey is reported and an analysis of the reviewed publications is also presented.

关键词： Brain-machine interface   Brain-computer interface   Neuroprosthetic   Shared mode control   Assistive technology  

摘要： Background: Recent studies have shown that brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) offer great potential for restoring upper limb function. However, grasping objects is a complicated task and the signals extracted from the brain may not always be capable of driving these movements reliably. Vision-guided robotic assistance is one possible way to improve BMI performance. We describe a method of shared control where the user controls a prosthetic arm using a BMI and receives assistance with positioning the hand when it approaches an object. Methods: Two human subjects with tetraplegia used a robotic arm to complete object transport tasks with and without shared control. The shared control system was designed to provide a balance between BMI-derived intention and computer assistance. An autonomous robotic grasping system identified and tracked objects and defined stable grasp positions for these objects. The system identified when the user intended to interact with an object based on the BMI-controlled movements of the robotic arm. Using shared control, BMI controlled movements and autonomous grasping commands were blended to ensure secure grasps. Results: Both subjects were more successful on object transfer tasks when using shared control compared to BMI control alone. Movements made using shared control were more accurate, more efficient, and less difficult. One participant attempted a task with multiple objects and successfully lifted one of two closely spaced objects in 92 % of trials, demonstrating the potential for users to accurately execute their intention while using shared control. Conclusions: Integration of BMI control with vision-guided robotic assistance led to improved performance on object transfer tasks. Providing assistance while maintaining generalizability will make BMI systems more attractive to potential users.

关键词： 机器人教学   兴趣培养   战略重点   中国制造   九大   机器人竞赛   问卷调查   特色学校   校本教材   个体差异  

摘要： 2015年＂中国制造2025＂战略将机器人产业作为九大战略重点与任务中的一项内容。在市场和政策刺激下,我国机器人产业将迎来重要的发展机遇期。与此同时,机器人教育应市场和社会的需要快速成长和建设起来。普通高中的学生逻辑思维能力发展日趋完善和成熟,同时知识储备较小学生和初中生更为扎实,因此在普通高中对学生进行机器人教育启蒙和兴趣培养尤为重要。

关键词： 人才培养环境   人才成长   科技创新意识   大赛组委会   科技竞赛   重点中学   校本课程资源   校园文化建设   辅导工作   机器人竞赛  

摘要： ＂科技教育创新学校奖＂（School of Distinction Award）由英特尔公司在美国设立,奖励在科学和数学教育方面有出色成绩的美国中小学校。为引进全球优质教育资源,完善创新人才培养环境,自2010年第25届创新大赛开始,英特尔（中国）有限公司与全国青少年科技创新大赛组委会合作开展＂十佳科技教育创新学校＂评选活动,每年选拔和奖励10所在科学教育中有出色成绩的中小学校，

摘要： Assistive technologies are important tools for helping older people to live independently. Praminda Caleb-Solly, Associate Professor in Independent Living Systems at Bristol Robotics Laboratory (BRL) and Institute of Bio-Sensing Technologies, University of the West of England, provides an introduction as to how assistive robotics can address care needs. Intelligent robots, integrated with smart home sensors and healthcare databases, can provide the ability to realise autonomous assistive care solutions to support independent living for an ageing population. Assistive robots, working in conjunction with smart home sensors, can enable proactive initiatives to prompt and support a person wherever they are in their home, thus offering increased availability, awareness and access, as compared to a static telecare system. The assistance provided by a robot could include lifting and carrying, support with dressing and rehabilitation, or to monitor health with early detection of problems, using an interactive robot to provide guidance for taking remedial action.

关键词： Special issues of periodicals   Robots -- Control systems   Information processing   Robots -- Kinematics   Computer science -- Periodicals  

关键词： ARTIFICIAL intelligence   AUTONOMOUS vehicles   ROBOTS -- Design & construction   RESEARCH institutes   UNITED States  

摘要： The article reports on the announcement of automotive manufacturer Toyota Motor Corp. to invest in autonomous vehicles, artificial intelligence, and robot development with its research subsidiary Toyota Research Institute. Topics include the culmination of DARPA’s high-risk Robotics Challenge in 2015 led by Gill Pratt and the plan to Toyota to devote to artificial intelligence and robotics research at Stanford University in California and Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Massachusetts.