关键词： 科技社团   首都师范大学   机器人工程   机器人竞赛   知识积淀   机器人智能   生物实验室   创新实验   模拟飞行   最佳创意奖  

摘要： 不要哭,失败只是偶尔的错误,不要满足,成功只是瞬间的欢呼。当你从无数的失败和痛苦中走过来时,请不要气馁,成功,有时候只是＂再试一试＂。这句话,正是首都师范大学附属中学科技社团宣传片中的一句口号。生活因科技而精彩首都师范大学附属中学科技社团创建于2013年,是一个以科技为主题的创新型社团。社团本着培养学生们科技兴趣的宗旨,强调动手动脑,多实践,以多样化的形式开展各类活动,

关键词： 凯恩方法   动力学方程   建模   仿真  

摘要： 6R串联机器人为非线性输入输出多杆耦合的位置时变动力学系统,用凯恩方法建立了机器人力学方程,在Sim Mechanics环境下进行计算机辅助建模,并相互验证和分析了两种模型的正确性。为机器人机构设计、关节驱动、传动方案选取、操作机的实时控制、前馈补偿以及伺服系统增益控制提供了理论依据。

关键词： Perception   Echolocation   Navigation   Disaster search rescue  

摘要： Navigation and localization in extreme or hostile environments such as deep ocean, disaster scenes and underground environments where darkness, pollution, and dust render cameras, laser scanners, and other sensors ineffective is a task that is challenging to robotics. Nature, however, equipped cave-dwelling creatures with echo acoustic perception that allowed them to thrive in such environments. Visually impaired people have been successful in using ultrasonic (echo acoustic) mobility aids for day-to-day safe navigation. This work demonstrates a technique for deriving reflector-bearing and range data from backscattered ultrasonic echoes and an improved technique for the use of ultrasonic perception for robotics in hostile environments to render range data usable in the construction of 3-dimensional maps of a disaster site for both surface and subterranean apertures. Low profile inclinometers render data about the robot's pitch and roll, thus providing information usable in assessing the site's stability and identifying potential slippage locations along a rescue path. Augmenting the robots' sensors with a simple heat sensor enables the detection, and rendering of survivors body heat signatures' location, within the site map they build, allowing rescuers to plan a safe rescue path. Future work will examine the potential of adapting swarm technology where multiple agents work collaboratively to produce a complete and coherent site survey in minimum time. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rossum's Universal Robots   Social impact of robots   Roboethics   Anthropomorphism  

摘要： A critical review of "Rossum's Universal Robots" (R.U.R.) is attempted beyond its literary aspects from a robotics perspective. The importance of R.U.R. for robotics has been mainly associated with the introduction of the word "Robot". Apart from its historical value the play provides an expression of many important issues concerning robotics both of philosophical as well as technological nature that are pointed out and briefly discussed. It is interesting that several of these issues constitute research topics for contemporary robotics. The play also loudly voices social concerns regarding the use of robots which are still echoed in today's societies. The scenario of the play exemplifies how robotics brings tremendous conveniences but at the same time can have unprecedented consequences on people's lives, which today call for an urgent regulation in order to prevent them. For the robotics community it is both interesting and stimulating to critically (re)consider R.U.R.

关键词： Robots   Biomimetics   Research & development--R&D  

摘要： "The research at UC Berkeley is exploring bio-inspired mobility and control methods that can be applied to future Army autonomous robotic systems," [Brett Piekarsld] said. "Over the course of the program, they have performed research in many areas from how insects can maneuver and transition over and through varying surfaces, to how lizards use their tails to maintain stability over rugged terrain or to maneuver rapidly, to bio-inspired self-righting technologies that have fed to a joint project...

关键词： Surgical robotics   Skill learning   Skill analysis   Learning to perceive  

摘要： Advances in technology and computing play an increasingly important role in the evolution of modern surgical techniques and paradigms. This article reviews the current role of machine learning (ML) techniques in the context of surgery with a focus on surgical robotics (SR). Also, we provide a perspective on the future possibilities for enhancing the effectiveness of procedures by integrating ML in the operating room. The review is focused on ML techniques directly applied to surgery, surgical robotics, surgical training and assessment. The widespread use of ML methods in diagnosis and medical image computing is beyond the scope of the review. Searches were performed on PubMed and IEEE Explore using combinations of keywords: ML, surgery, robotics, surgical and medical robotics, skill learning, skill analysis and learning to perceive. Studies making use of ML methods in the context of surgery are increasingly being reported. In particular, there is an increasing interest in using ML for developing tools to understand and model surgical skill and competence or to extract surgical workflow. Many researchers begin to integrate this understanding into the control of recent surgical robots and devices. ML is an expanding field. It is popular as it allows efficient processing of vast amounts of data for interpreting and real-time decision making. Already widely used in imaging and diagnosis, it is believed that ML will also play an important role in surgery and interventional treatments. In particular, ML could become a game changer into the conception of cognitive surgical robots. Such robots endowed with cognitive skills would assist the surgical team also on a cognitive level, such as possibly lowering the mental load of the team. For example, ML could help extracting surgical skill, learned through demonstration by human experts, and could transfer this to robotic skills. Such intelligent surgical assistance would significantly surpass the state of the art in surgical r

关键词： imaging   navigation   robotics  

摘要： Spinal technology involves imaging, navigation, and robotics-collectively known as "image-guided therapy." Imaging coupled with navigation enhances visualization of irregular anatomy, enabling less invasive procedures. With robotics surgeons can perform quicker and safer hand movements with increased accuracy. In the 1890s, X-rays were invented by Roentgen. The first piece of X-ray equipment, the Cryptoscope, would take an image for 15 minutes, with the surgeon placing his hand in front of the beam to guide calibration;radiation exposure for both surgeon and patient was extreme. In the 1950s, fluoroscopy (C-arm) was invented. In the 1970s, computer-assisted tomography (CAT), known as CAT scan, became available;magnetic resonance imaging had its beginnings in the 1980s, and in 1985, the first robotic surgery was performed to obtain a neurosurgical biopsy specimen. The concept of navigation was introduced in the 1990s, and today's niche products for navigation came onto the market in the 2000s.

关键词： robotics   letter   Neural network   Correspondence   Network   Sight  

关键词： robotics   transoral   surgery   training   credentialing  

摘要： Training and credentialing for robotic surgery in otolaryngology - head and neck surgery is currently not standardized, but rather relies heavily on industry guidance. This manuscript represents a comprehensive review of this increasingly important topic and outlines clear recommendations to better standardize the practice. The recommendations provided can be used as a reference by individuals and institutions alike, and are expected to evolve over time. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： ROBOTICS   ROBOT industry  

摘要： An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including an algorithm for producing a flight plan for an aerial robot; methods to prevent chattering by placing costs on switching in the industry; and approaches for multi-robot systems.