关键词： 智能机器人   竞赛活动   STEM   教育领域   视野   青少年活动中心   逻辑思维能力   科学素养  

摘要： 在基础教育领域，智能机器人竞赛活动以其让学生在动手操作的过程中培养逻辑思维能力、合作精神和创新能力的特点，成为培养创新型人才的良好载体。2014年，在杭州青少年活动中心举办的以“五水共治”为主题的机器人竞赛活动，对于提高学生的科学素养、工程素养、数学素养、技术素养具有一定的理论价值和应用推广价值。本文通过分析STEM教育理念，结合杭州的实际情况来阐述STEM教育视野下的智能机器人竞赛活动实施。

关键词： Swarm intelligence (SI)   Artificial intelligence (AI)   Swarming robot (SR)  

摘要： Animals help to sustain the environment's life cycle and ecosystem. Without human intervention, these creatures carry out their 'spontaneous routine' jobs and contribute towards balance in nature. Any natural system that congregates as a result of some form of collective intelligence of nature is also known as swarm intelligence (SI). This metaphor inspires a variety of techniques to solve the problem of calculating, in most cases dealing with optimization problems and has sparked interest amongst scientists. It is very trying for a new researcher to understand the whole concept of swarming robotics (SR) and optimization algorithm (i.e. realizing the idea from animal's perception to the SR application). In addition, the existing algorithms are computationally complicated, difficult to be understood by beginners as there are too many parameters. Thus, in this paper, we simplify the three branches of the main applications which are frequently used for SI namely: (1) optimization and networks design, (2) prediction and forecasting, and (3) SR. This paper summarizes the basic understanding overview of swarming robotics and discusses their basic concepts and principles.

关键词： Abstract Intelligence   Artificial Intelligence   Autonomous Learning   Brain Science   Cognitive Computing   Cognitive Informatics   Cognitive Knowledge Base   Cognitive Machine Learning   Cognitive Robotics   Cognitive Systems   Computational Intelligence   Denotational Mathematics   Intelligence Science   Neuroinformatics  

摘要： Cognitive robots are brain-inspired robots that are capable of inference, perception, and learning mimicking the cognitive mechanisms of the brain. Cognitive learning theories and methodologies for knowledge and behavior acquisition are centric in cognitive robotics. This paper explores the cognitive foundations and denotational mathematical means of cognitive learning engines (CLE) and cognitive knowledge bases (CKB) for cognitive robots. The architectures and functions of CLE are formally presented. A content- addressed knowledge base access methodology for CKB is rigorously elaborated. The CLE and CKB methodologies are not only designed to explain the mechanisms of human knowledge acquisition and learning, but also applied in the development of cognitive robots, cognitive computers, and knowledge-based systems.

关键词： Collaborative robotics   Metaheuristics   Robotics   Swarm intelligence   Survey  

摘要： Metaheuristics have a substantial history in fine-tuning machine learning algorithms. They gained tremendous popularity in many application domains. Robotics on the other hand is a wide research discipline that embraces artificial intelligence in a complex individually-thinking robot and distributed robots. Recently, metaheuristics made a significant impact on the application areas of collaborating robotics. This new trend of collaborating robotics, offers the possibility of enhanced task performance, high reliability, low unit complexity and decreased cost over traditional robotic systems. Collaborating robots however are more than just networks of independent agents;they are potentially reconfigurable networks of communicating agents capable of coordinated sensing and interaction with the environment. On the conceptual level, these bots can be empowered by the logics of metaheuristic algorithms which share the same functionalities and capabilities. This paper reviews the recent advances of metaheuristic algorithms on robotics applications. A taxonomy is provided as a reference for robotics designers. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： robotics  

关键词： Mobile robots   Semantic map   Topological map   Temporal coherence   Object recognition   Place recognition   Human-robot interaction   Knowledge representation   Planning  

摘要： The evolution of contemporary mobile robotics has given thrust to a series of additional conjunct technologies. Of such is the semantic mapping, which provides an abstraction of space and a means for human-robot communication. The recent introduction and evolution of semantic mapping motivated this survey, in which an explicit analysis of the existing methods is sought. The several algorithms are categorized according to their primary characteristics, namely scalability, inference model, temporal coherence and topological map usage. The applications involving semantic maps are also outlined in the work at hand, emphasizing on human interaction, knowledge representation and planning. The existence of publicly available validation datasets and benchmarking, suitable for the evaluation of semantic mapping techniques is also discussed in detail. Last, an attempt to address open issues and questions is also made. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robotics   Associations   Automation   Machine tools  

摘要： The article discusses technological developments in the manufacturing industry as of April 2015, particularly the increased automation and adoption of robotic systems. Based on data from the Robotic Industries Association (RIA), robots with total value of 1.6 billion dollars were ordered by companies in North America in 2014. Also cited are the move by technology firm Google and China to increase their presence in the robotic industry.

关键词： Drone aircraft  

摘要： The article reports on the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) 2015 approval for the electric company Commonwealth Edison Co. (ComEd) to use unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) to inspect its electric transmission and distribution lines.

关键词： 工业机器人   动力学参数   分步辨识   辨识算法   轨迹优化  

摘要： 机器人动力学参数辨识方程随着关节的增多变得更加繁琐,关节数超过4个后,甚至难以获得准确的参数辨识方程.为此,文中提出一种分步辨识的方法.该方法每次辨识的惯性参数较少,辨识方程相对简单,计算量小,辨识累计误差小,能很好地实现对超过四自由度的关节机器人动力学参数的辨识.文中还以某型六自由度关节机器人为对象,设计了辨识实验,对分步辨识方法进行了验证.结果表明:在保有机器人关键动力学特性的情况下,文中方法能简单而有效地获得机器人的关键动力学参数.