关键词： 机器人教学   导学   应用策略   自主探究学习   学习过程   教学效果   轮式机器人   人形机器人   项目学习   机器人竞赛  

摘要： 几年以来,我们从机器人实验室入手,尝试将机器人课程校本化。根据校本课程和学生需求,我们创作了一系列＂导学式机器人微课程＂,引导学生自主探究学习机器人知识,积极参与机器人项目活动,在教学实践中总结了导学式机器人微课程的创作流程及其在教学中的应用策略。

关键词： SURGICAL robots   ROBOTICS in medicine   SURGICAL instruments & apparatus   MEDICAL technology  

摘要： The article presents an interview with physician Santiago Horgan, the professor of surgery at the University of California in San Diego. When asked when and why he first got involved with the use of surgical robots, Horgan says that he became interested in surgical robots after learning about them at a surgical conference in 1999. He comments on factors that keep him engaged in surgical robotics. Horgan believes that robots can help surgeons perform surgery better.

关键词： Robotics  

摘要： The theory of flexible specialisation has been offering a challenging alternative to mass production system since its debut. Despite the attractiveness of the theory, practical applicability of the theoretical content has been weak. As time passes by, however, new momentum has been building up from the robotics and its related technology development, which can really open up the possibilities for flexible specialisation. Especially the advent of ageing society can be an impetus to change the industrial paradigm, due to labour shortage. This paper, noting the symptoms of change, has endeavoured with empirical data of Korea to see which industrial sectors are likely to start up this industrial change in the future. Copyright © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Silver  

摘要： Japan is an ideal country for studying the effects of demographic change and population ageing. This paper focuses on an ongoing market creation process for innovative technologies such as care robotics in Japan. The labour market situation in the Japanese healthcare market is worsening, and this is why some creative inventors and entrepreneurs try to develop technologies that can (1) enable aged persons to continue living independently in their usual environment and (2) improve processes in care facilities. Combining lead market theory, stakeholder theory and the literature on market emergence, we analyse two case studies involving the most notable developments in care robotics in Japan: the HAL robot suit and the therapeutic robot Paro. We identify the stakeholders in the market creation process of Japanese care robots and evaluate the lead market potential of this developing sector. The acceptance of such robotic technologies will also be discussed with reference to the cultural specifics of Japan and other countries. Copyright © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Borderline tumor of the ovary   Quality of life   Sexuality   Fertility preserving surgery  

摘要： Borderline tumors of the ovary (BOT) represent an entity of ovarian neoplasms with low malignant potential and excellent prognosis. Mainstay of therapy is surgery including adequate staging and complete tumor resection, possibly inducing long-term side effects, especially in premenopausal women. The aim of this study was to evaluate quality of life (QoL) and sexual function in patients treated for BOT, also with respect to treatment modalities. This prospective study was part of an ambidirectional multicentric cohort study in patients with BOT in Germany. Patients from seven centers completed three questionnaires after completion of therapy. QoL and sexual function data were correlated with treatment characteristics: surgical approach, lymphadenectomy, and fertility sparing surgery. One hundred ten patients returned the questionnaires. Median follow-up was 4.0 years. The majority lived in a relationship (n = 85, 77 %, missing n = 4), and 49 % (n = 54, missing n = 6) were sexually active. The main reason for sexual inactivity was "no partner" (38 %). The women had a mean global health status of 69.8 (SD 22.7;min 0, max 100), with 100 implying perfect health. Mean QoL score was 73.7 (SD 23.3, range 0 to 100). Both scores showed no difference regarding fertility preserving surgery, surgical approach, and lymphadenectomy. Sexually active women had a significantly higher QoL (78.7 vs. 67.4, p = 0.0156) and global health status (75.9 vs. 60.9, p = 0.0013) than inactive patients. In this prospective study, patients who had been diagnosed with BOT had a very good quality of life and global health status. Sexually inactive women stated lack of a partner as the main reason and had an inferior HRQoL compared to sexually active women.

关键词： Robotics   ureteropelvic junction obstruction   urology  

摘要： The well-known advantages of robotic surgery include improved dexterity, three-dimensional operating view and an improved degree of freedom. Robotic surgery is performed for a wide range of surgeries in urology, which include radical prostatectomy, radical cystectomy, and ureteric reimplantation. Robotic paediatric urology is evolving. The major hindrance in the development of paediatric robotics is, first, the differences in practice patterns in paediatric urology compared with adult urology thereby making development of expertise difficult and secondly it is challenging to conduct proper studies in the paediatric population because of the paucity of cases. The difficulties in conducting these studies include difficulty in designing a proper randomised study, difficulties with blinding, and finally, the ethical issues involved, finally the instruments although in the phase of evolution require a lot of improvement. In this article, we review the relevant articles for paediatric robotic surgery. We emphasise on the technical aspects and results in contemporary paediatric robotic case series.

关键词： Bariatric   gastric bypass   review   robotic surgery   roux-en-y   sleeve gastrectomy  

摘要： With the rise in a number of bariatric procedures, surgeons are facing more complex and technically demanding surgical situations. Robotic digital platforms potentially provide a solution to better address these challenges. This review examines the published literature on the outcomes and complications of bariatric surgery using a robotic platform. Use of robotics to perform adjustable gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB), biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch and revisional bariatric procedures (RBP) is assessed. A search on PubMed was performed for the most relevant articles in robotic bariatric surgery. A total of 23 articles was selected and reviewed in this article. The review showed that the use of robotics led to similar or lower complication rate in bariatric surgery when compared with laparoscopy. Two studies found a significantly lower leak rate for robotic gastric bypass when compared to laparoscopic method. The learning curve for RYGB seems to be shorter for robotic technique. Three studies revealed a significantly shorter operative time, while four studies found a longer operative time for robotic technique of gastric bypass. As for the outcomes of RBP, one study found a lower complication rate in robotic arm versus laparoscopic and open arms. Most authors stated that the use of robotics provides superior visualisation, more degrees of freedom and better ergonomics. The application of robotics in bariatric surgery seems to be a safe and feasible option. Use of robotics may provide specific advantages in some situations, and overcome limitations of laparoscopic surgery. Large and well-designed randomised clinical trials with long follow-up are needed to further define the role of digital platforms in bariatric surgery.

关键词： Robotic surgery   Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery   Foregut surgery   Bariatric surgery  

摘要： In the last decade, the robotic platform has been used in different surgical fields. However, the field of foregut and bariatric surgery is still evolving. Most surgeons still prefer laparoscopic techniques because it has proven clinical benefits, does not require complex setups, and does not have high costs compared with that of robotics. The aim of this article is to review the outcomes of foregut and bariatric surgery and its potential clinical advantages. We performed a search on PUBMED for the most relevant articles published in the field of robotic bariatric and foregut surgery in the last 15 years. More than 40 articles were selected and included on this review. Several systematic reviews were also included. Very few randomized clinical trials are available. For the most part, robotic procedures were associated with better ergonomics for the surgeon, better visualization of the anatomy, easier fine dissection (i.e., lymphadenectomy) when required, and higher costs. In foregut surgery, the robotic system is associated with a significant lower rate of mucosal perforation in Heller myotomy compared to laparoscopy. In bariatric surgery, the clinical advantages have not been well documented yet;however, it seems robotics shortens the learning curve of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Foregut and bariatric robotic surgery is a surgical field still in development. For the vast majority of the procedures in this area, the clinical outcomes of robotic surgery are the same of standard laparoscopy. However, the use of robots in selected cases may have specific advantages and may overcome the limitations of laparoscopic surgery. More research is needed, especially large and well-designed randomized clinical trials, to elucidate more accurate conclusions.

关键词： Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy   robot-assisted radical cystectomy   robot-assisted radical prostatectomy   robot-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection   robotic surgery   urologic oncology  

摘要： Robotic surgery was initially developed to overcome problems faced during conventional laparoscopic surgeries and to perform telesurgery at distant locations. It has now established itself as the epitome of minimally invasive surgery (MIS). It is one of the most significant advances in MIS in recent years and is considered by many as a revolutionary technology, capable of influencing the future of surgery. After its introduction to urology, robotic surgery has redefined the management of urological malignancies. It promises to make difficult urological surgeries easier, safer and more acceptable to both the surgeon and the patient. Robotic surgery is slowly, but surely establishing itself in India. In this article, we provide an overview of the advantages, disadvantages, current status, and future applications of robotic surgery for urologic cancers in the context of the Indian scenario.

关键词： Actuators  

摘要： We report here the development of an actuator with an ionic electromechanically active polymer (IEAP) laminate that is exclusively designed to exhibit a combination of high electrically induced strain and high bending modulus. The newly constructed laminate is one of the few IEAPs meeting the requirements for use in miniature soft robotics. The laminate has activated carbon-based electrodes and ionic liquid is used as an electrolyte. Layers of compliant gold foil are used as current collectors. The superior performance of the IEAP laminate is demonstrated by constructing a centimeter-scale robot propelled by a single IEAP actuator. The cyclic locomotion of the robot is inspired by the movements of an inchworm, while the IEAP laminate is used concurrently as an actuator and a structural member. The 830-mg robot is able to crawl on a smooth surface in open air, solely by undulation of its body. The microprocessor-controlled robot has an on-board lithium battery and uses a pulse-width-modulated signal to drive the IEAP actuator. The robot is able to carry its own power supply and even an extra payload. The constructed biomimetic robot is distinctive for the use of a non-planar actuator whose shape is programmed during the manufacturing process.