关键词： 机器人   FTC科技挑战赛   剪叉式抬升   设计与组装  

摘要： 作为高度自动化和智能化的机器,机器人是现在、也是未来科技发展的重要增长点,对青少年进行机器人科学教育有助于提高学生的创新意识和科学实践能力。本论文作者以参加FTC青少年机器人科技挑战赛的参赛经历为基础,对一种基于"剪叉"式抬升装置和高度传感器相配合的扫球机器人的设计与组装进行了详细阐述,并对中学生参加机器人竞赛等科技创新活动提出了自己的思考。

关键词： 机器人竞赛   机器人工程   机器人教学   机器人足球   中国科协   能力风暴   机器人智能   Robocup   智能机器人   高考加分政策  

摘要： 近年来,随着各种机器人竞赛活动的蓬勃兴起,机器人教育引起了很多学生、家长及学校的关注,包括笔者所在的许多中小学通过各种方式开展了机器人竞赛,对机器人教学进行了有益的尝试和探索。但是,机器人教育进入中小学毕竟还处于初始阶段,机器人竞赛活动还存在不尽如人意的地方。

关键词： Underwater robots   Hydrodynamic performance   Collaborative optimization   Particle Swarm Optimization   Approximate model  

摘要： Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MOO) is proposed for the design of the lines of an underwater robot. Hydrodynamic performances of the underwater robot are concerned about in the design, including the resistance and the manoeuvrability. A method of MDO, Collaborative Optimization (CO), is adopted. To improve the efficiency of optimization, approximate models are established in subdisciplines. Also, an artificial intelligent technique, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), is incorporated into the CO framework. The optimization design of the lines of the underwater robot is carried out on an Isight platform, an automatic integration optimization platform. Through the platform, the optimization design of the lines and the analysis of the hydrodynamic performances can be achieved automatically with high efficiency. An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), SUBOFF, is taken as a verification model. For different lines, CFD calculation is performed to analyze the resistance and manoeuvrability. By comparison, the optimal lines of the hull and the fairwater are determined. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 四足机器人   弹簧腿   优化分析  

摘要： 为了降低四足机器人行进时足底冲击对机器人本身造成的损伤并增强行走稳定性,以山东大学研制的野外高性能液压驱动四足机器人为研究对象,建立其力学模型,对其正、逆运动学进行分析,规划其行进步态。对比研究加装弹簧腿前后的机器人的质心位移、机体冲击加速度及偏转角度等,最后,针对加装弹簧腿后出现的新问题,对弹簧腿装置的阻尼系数进行优化。研究结果表明:弹簧腿对减小机体冲击加速度和控制机体稳定性有显著的作用。

摘要： Issue Title: Special Issue on Automation and Robotics in Construction and Civil Engineering

关键词： locomotion   neural control   walking control   walking pattern generation  

摘要： Walking is the most common terrestrial form of locomotion in animals. Its great versatility and flexibility has led to many attempts at building walking machines with similar capabilities. The control of walking is an active research area both in neurobiology and robotics, with a large and growing body of work. This paper gives an overview of the current knowledge on the control of legged locomotion in animals and machines and attempts to give walking control researchers from biology and robotics an overview of the current knowledge in both fields. Wetry to summarize the knowledge on the neurobiological basis of walking control in animals, emphasizing common principles seen in different species. In a section on walking robots, we review common approaches to walking controller design with a slight emphasis on biped walking control. We show where parallels between robotic and neurobiological walking controllers exist and how robotics and biology may benefit from each other. Finally, we discuss where research in the two fields diverges and suggest ways to bridge these gaps.

关键词： robotics   research   Horizion 2020   projects   potential  

摘要： With the program Horizon 2020 the European commission has the largest civilian research program worldwide. Robotics and the closely related field information and communication technology (ICT) form core areas of the program. The optimal representation of this topic is immensely important for the social and economic development in Europe within the program is the mission of the public-private partnership euRobotics. This organization acts as an interface between the European commission, researcher, industry and end-user in the area of robotics. In order to lift the market potential of robotics and to identify the related research and development questions a Robotics Strategic Research Agenda for Europe for the year 2014-2020 was developed. In this article we present Austrian research institutions and projects that already work on the realization of that roadmap. Moreover, we will pinpoint areas where Austria has a need for research and development. This assessment will be integrated in the development of an Austrian Robotics Research Roadmap. This roadmap will be developed by the robotics working group within society for measurement, automation and robot technology (GMAR) and should serve research, industry and public stakeholder as a guideline to stimulate and extend the potential of robotics in Austria.

关键词： octopus-inspired robots   legged locomotion   underwater robots   soft robotics  

摘要： This paper studies underwater legged locomotion (ULL) by means of a robotic octopus-inspired prototype and its associated model. Two different types of propulsive actions are embedded into the robot model: reaction forces due to leg contact with the ground and hydrodynamic forces such as the drag arising from the sculling motion of the legs. Dynamic parameters of the model are estimated by means of evolutionary techniques and subsequently the model is exploited to highlight some distinctive features of ULL. Specifically, the separation between the center of buoyancy (CoB)/center of mass and density affect the stability and speed of the robot, whereas the sculling movements contribute to propelling the robot even when its legs are detached from the ground. The relevance of these effects is demonstrated through robotic experiments and model simulations;moreover, by slightly changing the position of the CoB in the presence of the same feed-forward activation, a number of different behaviors (i.e. forward and backward locomotion at different speeds) are achieved.