关键词： Intelligent automation   artificial intelligence   robotics   advanced technologies   human resource management   international business   systematic review  

摘要： Although academic production in intelligent automation (e.g. artificial intelligence, robotics) has grown rapidly, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of the utilization of these technologies in human resource management (HRM) at an organizational (firms) and individual (employees) level. This study therefore aims to systematize the academic inputs on intelligent automation so far and to clarify what are its main contributions to and challenges for HRM. In a systematic search of 13,136 potentially relevant studies published in the top HRM, international business (IB), general management (GM) and information management (IM) journals, we found 45 articles studying artificial intelligence, robotics and other advanced technologies within HRM settings. Results show that intelligent automation technologies constitute a new approach to managing employees and enhancing firm performance, thus offering several opportunities for HRM but also considerable challenges at a technological and ethical level. The impact of these technologies has been identified to concentrate on HRM strategies, namely, job replacement, human-robot/AI collaboration, decision-making and learning opportunities, and HRM activities, namely, recruiting, training and job performance. This study discusses these shifts in detail, along with the main contributions to theory and practice and directions for future research.

关键词： computational protein design   structure prediction   design of function   Rosetta  

摘要： Proteins achieve their complex functions, such as molecular recognition with high affinity and specificity, through intricate threedimensional geometries in functional sites. To engineer new protein functions, accurate positioning of amino acid functional groups is therefore critical but has remained difficult to achieve by computational methods because of current limitations in the design of new conformations with arbitrary user-defined geometries. Here, we introduce two computational methods capable of generating and predicting new local protein geometries: fragment kinematic closure (FKIC) and loophash kinematic closure (LHKIC). FKIC and LHKIC integrate two approaches: robotics-inspired kinematics of protein conformations and insertion of peptide fragments. We show that FKIC and LHKIC predict native-like conformations at atomic accuracy and with up to 140-fold improvements in sampling efficiency over previous approaches. We then use these methods to create a design protocol, pull into place (PIP), to position functionally important side chains via design of backbone conformations. We validate PIP by remodeling a sizeable active site region in an enzyme and confirming the engineered new conformations of two designs with crystal structures. The described methods can be applied broadly to the design of user defined geometries for new protein functions.

关键词： 机器人学   教学探索   任务驱动   教学质量  

摘要： 机器人学是机器人工程专业的必修课程,该课程的教学质量和效果将直接影响学生对机器人技术的了解和掌握.针对机器人学授课内容较为理论、教学模式单一、缺乏实战经验等问题,本文以应用型本科教学为定位对该课程从教学方法、答疑模式、多元化作业形式及考核方式上进行探索和创新,构建了以"任务驱动"为导向的教、学、做为一体的教学新模式,以期更好地推进学生自主探究性学习,提高教学质量.

关键词： 机器人学   课程思政   教学探索   新工科  

摘要： 课程思政改革是目前高等教育改革的重要内容,“机器人学”作为机器人专业的核心课程,探索课程思政教育在“机器人学”课程中的应用,对于构建新工科背景下机器人领域相关专业全过程育人的教学模式具有重要意义。以“机器人学”课程思政教学改革为中心,从育人的角度讨论课程价值,通过整理课程知识点,深入挖掘课程中的思政元素,使思想政治教育与专业课程教育融为一体,实现知识传播与价值引领的统一,使全员育人、全程育人、全方位育人教学模式得以有效运行。

关键词： 动力学模型   Kane方法   刚性   关节柔性  

摘要： 建立动力学模型对实现工业机器人系统高精度、高速度、高动态响应控制具有重要意义。本文首先建立了基于Kane方法的传统刚性动力学模型,分析得知刚性动力学模型忽略关节非线性特性将潜在导致系统不稳定及末端抖动问题发生,针对此问题对刚性动力学模型进行改进并提出考虑关节柔性因素的工业机器人系统柔性动力学模型,改善系统控制特性,满足工业机器人在切割、涂胶等领域对低振动和高稳定性的应用需求。

关键词： ORB特征匹配   ViBe算法   四叉树分块   目标检测  

摘要： 为提高学生竞赛系统中机器人定位和目标检测的准确率,提出基于ViBe算法的ORB特征匹配方法。首先,对ORB算法原理进行具体分析;然后加入四叉树分块用于前景分割,以减少图像边缘和纹理较少的目标点,之后再进行特征匹配,减少提取特征点数量,并简化算法过程;然后在改进的ORB特征匹配方法基础上,加入ViBe运动目标检测算法对ORB竞赛系统机器人进行更精准的特征匹配;最后将改进算法应用到学生竞赛系统机器人中进行实验验证。实验结果表明,提出的改进ViBe算法的精确率和误检率分别为78.4%和6.5%,均优于传统深度学习算法,由此说明基于改进的ViBe算法的特征匹配率更高,鬼影消除效果较好,匹配速度显著提升,可实现学生竞赛系统中机器人的精准定位和目标检测。

关键词： 码垛搬运机器人   机器视觉   激光定位   全向轮  

摘要： 本文介绍一种用于参加第六届中国大学生起重机创意大赛的机器人。机器人基于机器视觉,采用激光传感器进行定位,对固定取物区具有特定颜色及形状标识的牛奶箱进行识别。通过自主有序的控制方式,采用全自动控制模式,将物品从取物区按通行规则搬运到堆码区,一次可搬运并堆码6个相同的牛奶箱,提高了搬运和堆码的效率。机器人采用3个全向轮,可实现向各个方向的运动,采用双平行四边形结构的机械臂保证机械爪的轴线始终垂直于地面,提高了抓取的稳定性。

关键词： 外骨骼机器人   运动学   动力学   力矩  

摘要： 针对有下肢运动障碍的患者,机器人系统与生物医学系统的结合为广大患者带来了福音,通过医学角度对人体运动数据规律的分析,可以更好地研发下肢外骨骼机器人系统。基于人体运动数据作为参考轨迹导入机器人系统的思想,通过三维红外式动作捕捉系统和三维测力平台系统实验采集人体下肢运动数据和足底力数据,利用算法对采集的数据进行滤波和拟合,通过建立下肢外骨骼机器人连杆模型,根据实验数据推导计算出髋关节和膝关节的转动角度和力矩曲线,基于Matlab设计自适应控制器验证了基于实验数据的运动学和动力学分析的有效性,为下肢外骨骼机器人电机的选型和控制系统的设计提供了数据支持和理论依据。

关键词： Construction robots   Learning from demonstration   Generalized cylinders   Critical orientation   Trajectory adaptation   Human-robot collaboration   Buildings   Tunnels  

摘要： Overhead work involving the construction and maintenance of civil infrastructure (e.g., tunnels, overpasses, and buildings) is strenuous and fatigue-inducing for human workers and is particularly well-suited for co-robotization. Such work is typically quasi-repetitive, and on-site robots must adapt to unexpected workface conditions. Methods such as learning from demonstration can leverage human experts' demonstration to let robots directly learn new skills to perform tasks. This paper proposes a generalized cylinders with orientation approach to teach robots how to perform quasi-repetitive overhead construction tasks from human demonstration. The demonstration trajectories are first used to construct a generalized cylinder and generate the robot trajectory. To ensure that the construction component (e.g., tunnel lining segment, building ceiling tile) being installed can satisfy the geometric constraints of the workspace, orientation constraints need to be determined, and the robot must follow such constraints. A trajectory adaptation and human-in-the-loop refinement approach are developed to refine the robot trajectory. The proposed method was evaluated in a robot simulator with variable workspace. The results showed that the proposed approach achieves an improved success rate (82.0%) compared to that demonstrated in previous work (71.3%) and enables overhead construction robots to readily adapt to new worksite conditions.