关键词： Artificial intelligence   Algorithms   Evolutionary robotics   Autonomous robots   Robotics research   Dynamical systems  

摘要： Taking a biologically inspired approach to the design of autonomous, adaptive machines.

关键词： Chemotaxis   Targeted drug delivery   Nanorobots   Nanorobotics  

摘要： In this review we show and describe a concept of designing autonomously moving artificial cells (chemical robots) carrying drugs and having tactic behavior based on artificial chemotaxis. Such systems could help to provide new and more efficient drug delivery applications. Chemical robot can be constructed based on the self-organization - natural "bottom-up" way - of fatty acid or lipid molecules into ordered nano- or micrometer size objects that have the ability to move and respond to environmental stimuli. The idea of using tactic carriers in drug delivery applications can be justified by the fact that cancer sites in the living body have different physiological characters (lower pH and higher resting temperature) compared to normal cells. The proposed "bottom-up" design method for self-propelled objects at small scales for targeted drug delivery applications could realize the original designation of nanoscience proposed 50 years ago by Richard Feynman. (C) Versita Sp. z o.o.

关键词： Anatomy and physiology   Animal behavior   Animal models   Anxiety disorders   Behavioral neuroscience   Biology   Evolutionary biology   Medicine   Mental health   Model organisms   Musculoskeletal system   Neuroscience   Psychiatry   Research Article   Robotics   Zebrafish   Zoology  

摘要： Zebrafish are gaining momentum as a laboratory animal species for the study of anxiety-related disorders in translational research, whereby they serve a fundamental complement to laboratory rodents. Several anxiety-related behavioral paradigms, which rest upon the presentation of live predatorial stimuli, may yield inconsistent results due to fatigue, habituation, or idiosyncratic responses exhibited by the stimulus itself. To overcome these limitations, we designed and manufactured a fully controllable robot inspired by a natural aquatic predator (Indian leaf fish, Nandus nandus) of zebrafish. We report that this robot elicits aversive antipredatorial reactions in a preference test and that data obtained therein correlate with data observed in traditional anxiety- and fear-related tests (light/dark preference and shelter-seeking). Finally, ethanol administration (0.25;0.50;1.00%) exerts anxiolytic effects, thus supporting the view that robotic stimuli can be used in the analysis of anxiety-related behaviors in zebrafish.

关键词： 福建省   机器人竞赛   科技辅导员   青少年  

摘要： 青少年机器人活动作为一项集电子、信息、自动控制知识为一体的益智类科技活动,深受广大青少年的喜爱。该文在分析近五年福建省机器人竞赛的组织管理、参赛队伍及获奖情况的基础上,探究活动存在的短板和不足,并结合福建省实际情况,从机器人教育普及、科技辅导员队伍建设、信息化管理等方面阐述推动青少年机器人竞赛活动发展的新途径、新方向。

关键词： 机器人技术   科技馆   教育活动   机器人教育   科普活动   中小学生   机器人竞赛   工业生产  

摘要： 随着机器人技术在工业生产、军事、日常生活中的普及，公众越来越意识到培养机器人方面人才的重要性。因此，相关部门纷纷出台政策加强对中小学生的机器人教育。科技馆作为重要的校外科普机构，有必要通过发挥自己的作用。本文通过分析认为，科技馆的机器人教育应该是中小学校校内机器人教育的补充与提高。在科技馆专业教师的指导下，以学习机器人技术的模式，通过组织机器人竞赛带动机器人科普活动。可以机器人工作室、俱乐部、技术论坛、夏令营．科普车、机器人进校园等多种形式开展中小学生机器人教育。

关键词： 教育机器人   校本课程   学习评价  

摘要： 机器人教育以软件与硬件结合、实体和虚拟相结合。程序理论与实时检测相结合等鲜明的科技特色，在国内外各种竞赛活动的推动下，迅速发展和普及。本文尝试从小学机器人校本课程教学出发，从课程的学习能力评价原则、评价指标、评价架构建立三方面，探讨机器入学习评价模式的建立。

关键词： reaching movement   spatial reference   humanoid robot   proprioceptive biases   sensory delays  

摘要： "Using the humanoid robotics framework for testing different plausible control architectures of human reaching movements."Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 16(sup1), pp. 175–176

关键词： Passive walking   Gait analysis   Roll-over shape   Prosthetic foot   Bifurcation diagrams   Nonlinear dynamics  

摘要： The 'heel to toe' rolling contact has a great influence on the dynamics of biped robots. Here this contact is modelled using the roll-over shape defined in the local co-ordinate system aligned with the stance leg. The roll-over shape is characterised by six constants: forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot gains and length values. A piecewise parabolic polynomial constructed from these six values is able to match the realistic roll-over shape with continuous slope and variable curvature. The effect of these constants and the roll-over shape arc length has been studied on various gait descriptors such as average velocity, step period, inter-leg angle (and hence step length), mechanical energy. The bifurcation diagrams have been plotted for point feet and different gain values. The insight gained by studying the bifurcation diagrams for different gain and length values is not only useful in understanding the stability of the biped walking process but also in the design of prosthetic feet. The discovery of 'critical values' for the length and mass ratios for the inter-leg angle delta (and hence step length) bifurcation diagrams, or a 'critical value' for forefoot gain in the step period bifurcation diagram, is of particular interest as it would mean a constant step length or step period for a range of acceptable values of forefoot and hindfoot gains. The dependence of the horizontal roll-over shape length and hindfoot/forefoot gains on the actual stance leg angular velocity theta(s) and angular displacement (theta(s)) values along with the corresponding existence of critical values has also been demonstrated. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 中小学生   科技创新   湖北省   机器人   武汉市   青少年   竞赛   教育基地  

摘要： 2313年5月26日上午，第28届湖北省青少年科技创新大赛机器人竞赛（中夏杯）暨武汉市第十届中小学生机器人竞赛在武汉红心国防教育基地举办。本次活动由湖北省科技协会、湖北省教育厅、湖北省科技厅、共青团湖北省委等机构主办。

关键词： 全地面起重机   塔臂工况   回转   机器人动力学   主臂强度  

摘要： 全地面起重机塔臂工况下回转起制动过程将对主臂产生较大的扭转冲击等附加动载荷作用,建立全地面起重机塔臂工况臂架系统力学模型,基于机器人动力学理论建立吊重摆振动力学方程,计算吊重在变幅平面和回转平面内的偏摆角,采用第四强度理论计算主臂应力。研究结果表明起动加速时间、吊重绳长对主臂强度有显著影响,不同的塔臂仰角和塔臂长度对主臂强度的影响程度不同。所得结论可为全地面起重机结构设计和现场操作控制提供参考。