关键词： 人类生活   机器人   青少年   竞赛   科技   生活理念   生活习惯   生活方式  

摘要： 未来是怎样的？比尔·盖茨曾预测说，家家都会有机器人。继电脑之后，机器人将渗透到人类生活的方方面面，改变我们的生活理念、生活方式和生活习惯。作为未来的主人，我们一起到第十二届青少年机器人大赛的现场去感受一下机器人。

关键词： 弹跳机器人   闭链机构   动力学   起跳   动力学普遍方程  

摘要： 设计了一种可用于非结构环境的弹跳机器人,该机器人采用非对称齿轮-六杆闭链机构作为弹跳机构.为分析机器人的跳跃运动,对机器人起跳阶段的动力学进行研究.首先采用矢量闭环方法建立机器人起跳阶段的位置、速度和加速度方程,然后根据动力学普遍方程推导出动力学理论模型.在此基础上,利用Matlab对动力学方程进行数值求解,利用研制的原理样机进行弹跳试验.试验结果表明:理论值和试验结果较为符合,验证了起跳阶段动力学建模及数值分析的有效性.

关键词： 奥林匹克竞赛   机器人   中国区   兰州市   世界   中学生   实验学校   阿联酋  

摘要： 在2012世界机器人奥林匹克竞赛（WR0）中国区选拔赛中，兰州市华侨实验学校队夺得冠军，这是继去年该校机器人团队获得WRO中国区冠军、代表中国出征阿联酋第八届世界机器人奥林匹克竞赛后，又一次获得的殊荣。

关键词： Synchronized tracking control   Cooperative manipulators   Neural networks   Consensus   Multiple robots   Output feedback  

摘要： In this paper, we investigate the mutual synchronization control problem of multiple robot manipulators in the case that the desired trajectory is only available to a portion of the team members, and the dynamics and the external disturbances of the manipulators are unknown. Treating the weighted average of the outputs of the neighbors as the reference trajectory, an adaptive neural network (NN) tracking control is designed for each manipulator. Based on the Lyapunov analysis, rigid mathematical proof is provided for the proposed algorithm for both state feedback and output feedback cases. It is shown that, under the proposed adaptive NN control, the tracking error of each manipulator converges to an adjustable neighborhood of the origin. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Robotics   Behavioral research   Information processing   Biomimicry   Robot design & construction   Biological systems   Human-robot interaction   Morphology   Dynamics   Humanoid robots   Artificial intelligence research   Artificial skin  

摘要： Soft materials may enable the automation of tasks beyond the capacities of current robotic technology.

关键词： Roboethics   Survey   Military robots   Eldercare robots   Social robotics  

摘要： Introduction: As applications of robotics extend to areas that directly impact human life, such as the military and eldercare, the deployment of autonomous and semi-autonomous robots increasingly requires the input of stakeholder opinions. Up to now, technological deployment has been relying on the guidance of government/military policy and the healthcare system without specific incorporation of professional and lay opinion. Methods: This paper presents results from a roboethics study that uses the unique N-Reasons scenario-based survey instrument. The instrument collected Yes, No, Neutral responses from more than 250 expert and lay responders via the Internet along with their ethics-content reasons for the answers, allowing the respondents to agree to previously-provided reasons or to write their own. Data from three questions relating to military and eldercare robots are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: The survey reveals that respondents weigh the appropriateness of robotics technology deployment in concert with the level of autonomy conferred upon it. The accepted level of robot autonomy does not appear to be solely dependent on the perceived efficiency and effectiveness of the technology, but is subject to the robot's relationship with the public's principle-based reasons and the application field in focus. Conclusion: The N-Reasons instrument was effective in eliciting ethical commentary in a simple, on-line survey format and provides insights into the interactions between the issues that respondents consider across application and technology boundaries.

关键词： Microelectromechanical (MEMS)   piezoelectric   ferroelectric   devices  

摘要： Thin-film piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is one of the most efficient electromechanical coupling transducer materials currently available for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). This article reviews piezoelectric MEMS (piezo MEMS) technologies using PZT thin films in radio frequency (RF) devices for communications and radar applications and in the emerging field of millimeter-scale robotics. The electromechanical material properties of thin-film PZT uniquely enable insect-inspired and insect-scale autonomous robots. Recent progress on large force and displacement actuators for robotic leg joints, compact and high torque ultrasonic motors, and bioinspired millimeter-scale flapping wing platforms will be presented. The use of thin-film PZT to achieve high performance and low-voltage RF MEMS switches, ultralow power consumption nanomechanical logic circuits, and high coupling and low loss resonators, filters, and transformers are also reviewed.

摘要： The article reports on the reluctance of the majority of process companies in Great Britain to invest in robotics. British Automation and Robot Association (BARA) chairman Mike Wilson asserts that non-automotive sectors do not understand the potential implications of not investing in automation and robotics. Wilson further cites the automation efforts in other countries to sustain competitive advantage.

关键词： Tracked mobile robot   Dynamical model   Stability evaluation   Stairs-climbing  

摘要： Aiming at the functional requirement of climbing up the stairs, the dynamics and stability during a tracked mobile robot's climbing of stairs is studied. First, from the analysis of its cross-country performance, the mechanical structure of the tracked mobile robot is designed and the hardware composition of its control system is given. Second, based on the analysis to its stairs-climbing process, the dynamical model of stairs-climbing is established by using the classical mechanics method. Next, the stability conditions for its stairs-climbing are determined and an evaluation method of its stairs-climbing stability is proposed, based on a mechanics analysis on the robot's backwards tumbling during the stairs-climbing process. Through simulation and experiments, the effectiveness of the dynamical model and the stability evaluation method of the tracked mobile robot in stairs-climbing is verified, which can provide design and analysis foundations for the tracked mobile robots' stairs-climbing.