关键词： 虚拟样机   柔性体   机器人   仿真  

摘要： 简要介绍了ADAMS软件和ADAMS柔性体基本理论,着重研究了焊接机器人的柔性体仿真。结果表明:柔性手臂构件对机械手的运动精度产生了较大影响。

关键词： 机器人学   路径规划   运动控制   人工力矩  

摘要： 针对个体机器人的局部路径规划问题,定义了最优路径代表点、危墙代表点等概念,以优化路径和避障.设计了吸引矩、排斥矩两种人工力矩函数,其中吸引矩常使机器人的基本运动方向线(PMDline)指向最优路径代表点而排斥矩则总使机器人的PMDline背向相应的危墙代表点.基于两种人工力矩,设计了机器人运动控制器.在机器人通向目标的路径被障碍阻断时,该控制器总使机器人沿其PMDline以最大步幅运动,所以无论环境多复杂,机器人也不会停止运动,即不会被陷住.还给出了最优路径代表点的求解算法、局部路径规划的一般步骤及一个仿真.仿真结果表明,给出的方法是可行且有效的.

关键词： 搅拌摩擦点焊   动力学模型   AD   AMS   仿真分析  

摘要： ADAMS软件在分析机构的运动学和动力学方面有着强大的功能;针对搅拌摩擦点焊机器人的设计问题,首先建立其动力学模型,然后利用Pro/E软件建立了机器人的三维实体模型,将其导入到ADAMS中进行动力学分析,给各个关节运动副加上相应的轨迹曲线方程,使其按照指定的运动方式运动。通过仿真得到并分析了机器人各关节在运动过程中各阶段的动力学特性,为电机系统的精确选型及控制系统的设计等进一步研发搅拌摩擦点焊机器人设备提供了可靠有力的依据,对于保证其机械系统的性能以及提高其可靠性等具有十分重要的意义。

关键词： 跳跃机器人   动力学分析   MATLAB数值仿真   关节振动  

摘要： 基于跳跃机器人在越障方面优于轮动或爬行机器人的特点,设计了一个三关节跳跃机器人,并建立了简化的机构模型.从分析力学的角度对机器人进行运动分析,采用拉格朗日法建立了站立相和腾空相的动力学方程,并用Matlab对动力学方程进行了数值仿真.仿真结果表明各关节在电机驱动下有小幅度振动.这一结果说明在研究跳跃机器人的稳定性时,要解决各关节小幅度振动问题.

关键词： Robotics   MAS   Agents   Software frameworks   Middleware   Architecture  

摘要： Robotics is an area of research ill which the paradigm of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) can prove to be highly useful. Multi-Agent Systems come in the form of cooperative robots in a team, sensor networks based on mobile robots, and robots in Intelligent Environments, to name but a few. However, the development of Multi-Agent Robotic Systems (MARS) still presents major challenges. Over the past decade, a high number of Robotics Software Frameworks (RSFs) have appeared which propose some solutions to the most recurrent problems ill robotics. Some of these frameworks, such as ROS, YARP, OROCOS, ORCA, Open-RTM, and Open-RDK, possess certain characteristics and provide the basic infrastructure necessary for the development of MARS. The contribution of this work is the identification of such characteristics as well as the analysis of these frameworks in comparison with the general-purpose Multi-Agent System Frameworks (MASFs), such as JADE and Mobile-C. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： endometriosis   minimally invasive surgery   robotic surgery   surgical treatment   systematic review  

摘要： Background This systematic review evaluates the role of robotics in the surgical treatment of endometriosis. Methods Electronic database searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge for relevant studies over the past 10?years. Results Four published articles were found that used robotic assisted laparoscopy to perform endometriosis surgery. All four studies used the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Three studies were case reports, and one was a cohort study. Robotics appears to be as effective as conventional laparoscopy in the management of endometriosis. There were no reports of any major complications. Conclusions Few studies have been published and show us that robotic endometriosis surgery is feasible even in severe endometriosis cases without conversion. There is a lack of long-term outcome papers in the literature. Randomized controlled trials are necessary. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： fuel cells   microbes   robots   stacks   symbiosis  

摘要： The development of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has seen an enormous growth over the last hundred years since its inception by Potter in 1911. The technology has reached a level of maturity that it is now considered to be a field in its own right with a growing scientific community. The highest level of activity has been recorded over the last decade and it is perhaps considered commonplace that MFCs are primarily suitable for stationary, passive wastewater treatment applications. Sceptics have certainly not considered MFCs as serious contenders in the race for developing renewable energy technologies. Yet this is the only type of alternative system that can convert organic wastewidely distributed around the globedirectly into electricity, and therefore, the only technology that will allow artificial agents to autonomously operate in a plethora of environments. This Minireview describes the history and current state-of-the-art regarding MFCs in robotics and their vital role in artificial symbiosis and autonomy. Furthermore, the article demonstrates how pursuing practical robotic applications can provide insights of the core MFC technology in general.

关键词： Visual servoing   Passivity   Mobile robots  

摘要： This paper presents an image-based dynamic visual servoing to make a mobile robot able to track a moving object on the workspace by using a calibrated on board vision system. The stability of the proposed system is proved based on its passivity properties. A robustness analysis and an L-2-gain performance analysis are also presented. Experimental results are shown to illustrate the system performance. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robotics   Endometrial cancer   Laparoscopic naive   Open surgery  

摘要： Introduction: In Singapore, the standard of care for endometrial cancer staging remains laparotomy.(1) Since the introduction of gynecologic robotic surgery, there have been more data comparing robotic surgery to laparoscopy in the management of endometrial cancer. This study reviewed clinical outcomes in endometrial cancer in a program that moved from laparotomy to robotic surgery. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 124 consecutive endometrial cancer patients. Preoperative data and postoperative outcomes of 34 patients undergoing robotic surgical staging were compared with 90 patients who underwent open endometrial cancer staging during the same period and in the year before the introduction of robotics. Results: There were no significant differences in the mean age, body mass index, rates of diabetes, hypertension, previous surgery, parity, medical conditions, size of specimens, histologic type, or stage of cancer between the robotic and the open surgery groups. The first 20 robotic-assisted cases had a mean (SD) operative time of 196 (60) minutes, and the next 14 cases had a mean time of 124 (64) minutes comparable to that for open surgery. The mean number of lymph nodes retrieved during robot-assisted staging was smaller than open laparotomy in the first 20 cases but not significantly different for the subsequent 14 cases. Robot-assisted surgery was associated with lower intraoperative blood loss (110 [24] vs 250 [83] mL, P < 0.05), a lower rate of postoperative complications (8.8% vs 26.8%, P = 0.032), a lower wound complication rate (0% vs 9.9%, P = 0.044), a decreased requirement for postoperative parenteral analgesia (5.9% vs 51.1, P < 0.001), and shorter length of hospitalization (2.0 [1.1] vs 6.0 [4.5] days, P < 0.001) compared to patients in the open laparotomy group. Conclusions: Our series shows that outcomes traditionally associated with laparoscopic endometrial cancer staging are achievable by laparoscopy-naive gynecologic cancer surgeon

摘要： A key motive of human-robot interaction is to make robots and humans interact through different aspects of the real world. As robots become more and more realistic in appearance, so has the desire for them to exhibit complex behaviours. A growing area of interest in terms of complex behaviour is robot dancing. Dance is an entertaining activity that is enjoyed either by being the performer or the spectator. Each dance contain fundamental features that make-up a dance. It is the curiosity for some researchers to model such an activity for robots to perform in human social environments. From current research, most dancing robots are pre-programmed with dance motions and few have the ability to generate their own dance or alter their movements according to human responses while dancing. This thesis explores the question "Can a robot learn to dance ". A dancing framework is proposed to address this question. The Sarsa algorithm and the Softmax algorithm from traditional reinforcement learning form part of the dancing framework to enable a virtual robot learn and adapt to appropriate dance behaviours. The robot follows a progressive approach, utilising the knowledge obtained at each stage of its development to improve the dances that it generates. The proposed framework addresses three stages of development of a robot's dance: learning ability; creative ability of dance motions, and adaptive ability to human preferences. Learning ability is the ability to make a robot gradually perform the desired dance behaviours. Creative ability is the idea of the robot generating its own dance motions, and structuring them into a dance. Adaptive ability is where the robot changes its dance in response to human feedback. A number of experiments have been conducted to explore these challenges, and verified that the quality of the robot dance can be improved through each stage of the robot's development.