关键词： STC12C5A60S2   单片机   机器人竞赛  

摘要： 机器人技术应用竞赛是2011年全国职业院校技能大赛的竞赛项目。文章介绍了该赛事的技术规程和机器人的总体设计思路,详细说明了机器人主控制板和驱动电路的设计原理。机器人实际参赛运行表明,所设计的机器人运行稳定可靠,为竞赛优异成绩的获得奠定了坚实的基础。

关键词： 机器人   柔性结构   动力学模型   接触碰撞   假设模态   刚柔耦合   刚度  

摘要： 为了确定刚度对柔性臂倾倒碰撞力的影响,基于混合坐标法建立柔性臂运动学模型,利用假设模态法对柔性变形解耦,基于Hertz接触理论和非线性阻尼理论建立接触碰撞力模型,利用Lagrange方程建立了含碰撞的动力学方程。编写了变步长变精度的四阶Runge-Kutta数值求解算法。对不同刚度下柔性臂的碰撞响应进行仿真,得到了接触力、关节转角、角速度和弹性变形曲线。对比可得,随着抗弯刚度增大,接触力变大且峰值出现的相位提前,且碰撞后柔性臂关节转角变小,弹性变形和角速度的振动都减小;材质结构阻尼对弹性振动变形有明显的抑制。该文所建模型和求解方法有效。

关键词： air traffic management   bio-inspired robotics   image processing   path planning   weather information management  

摘要： With the increase in automation to serve the growing needs and challenges of aviation, air traffic controllers (ATCs) are now faced with an information overload from a myriad of sources, both in graphical and textual format. One such source is weather information, which is typically comprised of wind speed, wind direction, thunderstorms, cloud cover, icing, temperature and pressure at various altitudes. This information requires domain expertise to interpret and communicate to ATCs, who then employ this information to manage air traffic efficiently and safely. Unfortunately, ATCs are not trained meteorologists, so there are significant challenges associated with the correct interpretation and utilization of this information by ATCs. In this paper, we propose a bio-inspired weather robot, which interacts with the air traffic environment and provides targeted weather-related information to ATCs by identifying which airspace sectors they are working on. It uses bio-inspired techniques for processing weather information and path planning in the air traffic environment and is fully autonomous in the sense that it only interacts with the air traffic environment passively and has an onboard weather information processing system. The weather robot system was evaluated in an experimental environment with live Australian air traffic, where it successfully navigated the environment, processed weather information, identified airspace sectors and delivered weather-related information for the relevant sector using a synthetic voice.

关键词： International mobility   Quantitative analysis   Flow pattern of researchers   Institutional-level analysis  

摘要： We investigated author information in scientific articles by approximately 7,000 researchers for a quantitative analysis of researchers' international mobility. From top journals, we traced the movements of more than 2,200 researchers in the research domains of robotics, computer vision and electron devices. We categorized countries' characteristics for the balance between the inflow and the outflow of researchers moving internationally. Flow patterns of international mobility confirm that the United States, China and India exhibit the greatest global flows of researchers, with Singapore and Hong Kong attracting remarkable numbers of researchers from other countries. International mobility focusing on institutions reveals that universities in Singapore receive as many foreign researchers as do research universities in the United States. Furthermore, firms and international collaborative research institutes act as alternative receivers to the universities in the electron devices research domain.

关键词： Mobile robots   Autonomous navigation   Social robots   Scene understanding  

摘要： This paper describes the main activities and achievements of our research group on Machine Intelligence and Robotics (Grima) at the Computer Science Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile (PUC). Since 2002, we have been developing an active research in the area of indoor autonomous social robots. Our main focus has been the cognitive side of Robotics, where we have developed algorithms for autonomous navigation using wheeled robots, scene recognition using vision and 3D range sensors, and social behaviors using Markov Decision Processes, among others. As a distinguishing feature, in our research we have followed a probabilistic approach, deeply rooted in machine learning and Bayesian statistical techniques. Among our main achievements are an increasing list of publications in main Robotics conference and journals, and the consolidation of a research group with more than 25 people among full-time professors, visiting researchers, and graduate students.

关键词： Elementary education   Secondary education   Teaching/learning strategies   Evaluation methodologies   Improving classroom teaching  

摘要： This study reviews recently published scientific literature on the use of robotics in schools, in order to: (a) identify the potential contribution of the incorporation of robotics as educational tool in schools, (b) present a synthesis of the available empirical evidence on the educational effectiveness of robotics as an educational tool in schools, and (c) define future research perspectives concerning educational robotics. After systematically searching online bibliographic databases, ten relevant articles were located and included in the study. For each article, we analyze the purpose of the study, the content to be taught with the aid of robotics, the type of robot used, the research method used, and the sample characteristics (sample size, age range of students and/or level of education) and the results observed. The articles reviewed suggest that educational robotics usually acts as an element that enhances learning, however, this is not always the case, as there are studies that have reported situations in which there was no improvement in learning. The outcomes of the literature review are discussed in terms of their implications for future research, and can provide useful guidance for educators, practitioners and researchers in the area. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 机器人   制造  

ISBN: (数字)9787811189483 ISBN: (纸本)9787811189483

摘要： 本书分成长之路、经典之赛、总结之时三篇，内容包括：RoboCup仿真组与自强队的成立、RoboCup小型组与自强队的发展、RoboCup家庭组与自强队走向辉煌等。

关键词： ROBOTICS in medicine   ENDOMETRIAL cancer   ENDOMETRIAL surgery   LAPAROSCOPIC surgery   ENDOSCOPIC surgery  

摘要： OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of introducing a robotic program on cost and patient outcome. METHODS: This was a prospective evaluation of clinical outcome and cost after introducing a robotics program for the treatment of endometrial cancer and a retrospective comparison to the entire historical cohort. RESULTS: Consecutive patients with endometrial cancer who underwent robotic surgery (n = 143) were compared with all consecutive patients who underwent surgery (n = 160) before robotics. The rate of minimally invasive surgery increased from 17% performed by laparoscopy to 98% performed by robotics in 2 years. The patient characteristics were comparable in both eras, except for a higher body mass index in the robotics era (median 29.8 compared with 27.6;P<.005). Patients undergoing robotics had longer operating times (233 compared with 206 minutes), but fewer adverse events (13% compared with 42%;P<.001), lower estimated median blood loss (50 compared with 200 mL;P<.001), and shorter median hospital stay (1 compared with 5 days;P<.001). The overall hospital costs were significantly lower for robotics compared with the historical group (Can$7,644 compared with Can$10,368 [Canadian dollars];P<.001) even when acquisition and maintenance cost were included (Can$8,370 compared with Can$10,368;P=.001). Within 2 years after surgery, the short-term recurrence rate appeared lower in the robotics group compared with the historic cohort (11 recurrences compared with 19 recurrences;P<.001). CONCLUSION: Introduction of robotics for endometrial cancer surgery increased the proportion of patients benefitting from minimally invasive surgery, improved short-term outcomes, and resulted in lower hospital costs. (Obstet Gynecol 2012;119:717-24) DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31824c0956

关键词： Mobile robots   Autonomous navigation   Planning   Reactive and local methods   Hybrid architectures  

摘要： The paper focuses on the navigation subsystem of a mobile robot which operates in human environments to carry out different tasks, such as transporting waste in hospitals or escorting people in exhibitions. The paper describes a hybrid approach (Roaming Trails), which integrates a priori knowledge of the environment with local perceptions in order to carry out the assigned tasks efficiently and safely: that is, by guaranteeing that the robot can never be trapped in deadlocks even when operating within a partially unknown dynamic environment. The article includes a discussion about the properties of the approach, as well as experimental results recorded during real-world experiments. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： DNA computing   Euler cycle   Freeze-Tag Problem   spanning tree   swarm robotics   temperature gradient  

摘要： The biological deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand is found to be a promising computing unit. An attempt has been made to solve Freeze-Tag Problem (FTP) using DNA. In this paper, the thermodynamic properties of DNA have been utilized along with other biochemical operations to obtain the optimal awakening schedule. Actual distance values are represented using the thermodynamic properties of DNA. The proposed method also finds the minimum spanning tree (MST) of the FTP to obtain the optimal awakening schedule. All possible Euler cycles of the different spanning trees of the problem are first generated. From this generated Euler cycle, the MST is obtained, which is the optimal awakening schedule to the problem. Moreover, the proposed approach can be adopted to solve many real-life applications like broadcasting and scheduling problems, with necessary modifications. In this work, an instance with seven robots is solved using DNA computing.