关键词： Spike-timing-dependent plasticity   spiking neuron   bio-inspired robotics   classical conditioning  

摘要： This work investigates adaptive behaviours for an intelligent robotic agent when subjected to temporal stimuli consisting of associations of contextual cues and simple reflexes. This is made possible thanks to a novel learning rule based on spike-timing-dependent plasticity and embedded in an artificial spiking neural network serving as a brain-like controller. The subsequent bio-inspired cognitive system carries out different classical conditioning tasks in a controlled virtual 3D-world while the timing and frequency of unconditioned and conditioned parameters are varied. The results of this simulated robotic environment are analysed at different stages from stimuli capture to neural spike generation and show extended behavioural capabilities by the robot in the temporal domain.

关键词： Topological mapping   Graph matching   Visual features   Robotics  

摘要： A key problem in robotics is the construction of a map from its environment. This map could be used in different tasks, like localization, recognition, obstacle avoidance, etc. Besides, the simultaneous location and mapping (SLAM) problem has had a lot of interest in the robotics community. This paper presents a new method for visual mapping, using topological instead of metric information. For that purpose, we propose prior image segmentation into regions in order to group the extracted invariant features in a graph so that each graph defines a single region of the image. Although others methods have been proposed for visual SLAM, our method is complete, in the sense that it makes all the process: it presents a new method for image matching; it defines a way to build the topological map; and it also defines a matching criterion for loop-closing. The matching process will take into account visual features and their structure using the graph transformation matching (GTM) algorithm, which allows us to process the matching and to remove out the outliers. Then, using this image comparison method, we propose an algorithm for constructing topological maps. During the experimentation phase, we will test the robustness of the method and its ability constructing topological maps. We have also introduced new hysteresis behavior in order to solve some problems found building the graph.

关键词： Robotic surgery   Microsurgery   Hand surgery   Breast reconstruction   Oropharyngeal surgery   Free flaps  

摘要： Robotic surgery is an emerging technology that is conquering the surgery field by storm. It has found solid applications in general surgery, gynecological surgery, vascular surgery, and especially in urology and cardiothoracic surgery. Its application is however restricted in the various fields of plastic surgery. There is no doubt that robots have a potential to become an important toll in reconstructive plastic surgery, but the extent of their use in aesthetic surgery is constrained. A review of the literature showed that several centers are currently using surgical robots for reconstructive and microsurgery. Robotic surgery is feasible and technically advantageous, though very costly. There is a paucity of data however concerning the long-term benefits of robotics versus conventional techniques, and none regarding aesthetic surgery applications. We strongly believe that, without ignoring the tremendous potential benefits of robotic technology in many fields of plastic surgery, no machine, no matter how sophisticated it is, will ever succeed at replacing the artistic sense, feeling, and touch necessary to achieve beauty with harmonious proportions.

关键词： Java教学   机器人竞赛   合作式学习  

摘要： 该文首先分析了Java编程实训教学存在的问题,其次阐述了基于"机器人"项目的Java编程实训教学模式的特点、目的和影响,然后结合本校近年来的具体实践以及参加飞思卡尔智能车竞赛的情况,探讨了基于机器人项目的Java编程实训教学对驱动软件技术专业创新人才的培养作用。

关键词： 人形机器人   中小学   湖南省   竞赛   少年   英雄   北京师范大学   食品安全  

摘要： 开赛了!足球场上，机器人你争我夺，勇往直前；篮球赛场，机器人变身灌篮高手，龙腾虎跃；工程挑战赛机器人以食品安全为主题努力完成各项任务；人形机器人仿佛变形金刚的真实版，完成各项高难度的身体动作。不要怀疑你来到了未来世界，这是记者于5月18日至20日在北京师范大学株洲附属学校看到的2012年湖南省中小学机器人竞赛现场的真实场景，

关键词： 并联机器人   柔性动力学   运动学  

摘要： 为了提高风洞试验的安全性,对风洞试验用6-PSS并联机构进行柔性动力学分析。首先,对机构进行运动学分析,得到机构的运动学逆解,利用一阶影响系数法,推导出机构雅可比矩阵。其次,在拉格朗日方程基础上,采用一种合理简化模型动力学建模方法,给出机构动力学方程。提出一种简单实用的柔性动力学建模方法,运用ADAMS软件建立机构的柔性动力学模型,进行并联机构的柔性动力学仿真。对比刚体动力学和柔性动力学曲线,验证了柔性动力学仿真的正确性。最后,分析柔性动力学中驱动力和柔性变形等数据曲线,总结出并联机构柔性状态下动力学特征。

关键词： 电脑机器人   竞赛活动   广州市   中小学   副主任   信息化   开幕式   教育局  

摘要： 5月6日，2012年广州市中小学电脑机器人竞赛活动在广州市第52中学隆重开幕。广东省电教馆总编室副主任苏卫、广州市科技与信息化局马曙副书记、市教育局副局长雷忠良等领导嘉宾出席了开幕式。

关键词： 管道检测机器人   仿真   虚拟样机   ADAMS  

摘要： 针对管道检测机器人结构和运动特点,以及机器人在管道中行走方式选择,以管道检测机器人在管道中力和力矩动态平衡为理论基础,提出了一种求解四驱管道机器人的动力学理论算法,此动力学理论方法可以很好的解决管道检测机器人在运动过程中力平衡计算问题,基于ADAMS仿真软件建立了机器人虚拟样机模型,通过添加约束、设置驱动参数,建立相应的虚拟仿真环境,对管道检测机器人驱动轮的速度、加速度和驱动力矩曲线进行测量、分析和评估,验证理论计算的合理性,为管道检测机器人运动控制系统的拟定提供了重要的理论依据。

关键词： 机器人竞赛   实践   学校   挑战赛   人与物   揣摩  

摘要： vex机器人工程挑战赛有别于其他科技比赛的一个重要特点在于，vex机器人竞赛不仅是人与物之间的较量，更是人与人之间的比拼，是一个团队与另一个团队之间的斗智斗勇。在vex竞赛中，机器人要接触，要彼此碰撞，就必然要修理，必然要改进；机器人程序方案的编写合理还是不合理，需要不断思索与实践验证；团队的搭配是否合理可靠，也需要不断揣摩体会磨合。这个不断改进机器人、完善机器人的过程的实质就是创新的过程。

关键词： 天津市   机器人   青少年   奖项   赛中   中国   优秀学校   实验小学  

摘要： 在刚刚结束的第十二届中国青少年机器人竞赛中，天津市选手共获得奖项38个。其中，在5个项赛中获得一等奖2项，二等奖9项，三等奖20项。在5个企业专项奖中，天津市在每一奖项上均榜上有名。天津市南开区科技实验小学荣获优秀学校奖。