关键词： activities of daily living   rehabilitation   robotics   stroke  

摘要： Reducing the impact of stroke on the independence of elderly patients during daily life is becoming a primary societal goal in developed countries owing to population aging and to the incidence of stroke in elderly people. Rehabilitation plays a fundamental role in reducing the residual motor deficits of stroke patients, both during hospitalization (acute/subacute phase, inpatient rehabilitation) and after discharge (chronic phase, ambulatory/home rehabilitation). Since 1995, when the first pioneering robotic system for rehabilitation was presented, the use of robotics in post-stroke rehabilitation has been investigated intensely, and positive, although not yet fully satisfactory, clinical results were obtained. This article presents the most recent developments in this young research field, outlining the state of the art and the prospective role of robotics in post-stroke rehabilitation.

关键词： Subject terms:Biomedical materials Electronic materials Optical   photonic and optoelectronic materials  

摘要： Inorganic light-emitting diodes and photodetectors represent important, established technologies for solid-state lighting, digital imaging and many other applications. Eliminating mechanical and geometrical design constraints imposed by the supporting semiconductor wafers can enable alternative uses in areas such as biomedicine and robotics. Here we describe systems that consist of arrays of interconnected, ultrathin inorganic light-emitting diodes and photodetectors configured in mechanically optimized layouts on unusual substrates. Light-emitting sutures, implantable sheets and illuminated plasmonic crystals that are compatible with complete immersion in biofluids illustrate the suitability of these technologies for use in biomedicine. Waterproof optical-proximity-sensor tapes capable of conformal integration on curved surfaces of gloves and thin, refractive-index monitors wrapped on tubing for intravenous delivery systems demonstrate possibilities in robotics and clinical medicine. These and related systems may create important, unconventional opportunities for optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Cognitive vision   Contour representation   3D contours   Contour relations   Perceptual relations   3D reasoning   Driver assistance   Grasping  

摘要： In this work, we make use of 3D contours and relations between them (namely, coplanarity, cocolority, distance and angle) for four different applications in the area of computer vision and vision-based robotics. Our multi-modal contour representation covers both geometric and appearance information. We show the potential of reasoning with global entities in the context of visual scene analysis for driver assistance, depth prediction, robotic grasping and grasp learning. We argue that, such 3D global reasoning processes complement widely-used 2D local approaches such as bag-of-features since 3D relations are invariant under camera transformations and 3D information can be directly linked to actions. We therefore stress the necessity of including both global and local features with different spatial dimensions within a representation. We also discuss the importance of an efficient use of the uncertainty associated with the features, relations, and their applicability in a given context. (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ant society   Collective robotics   Genetic algorithm   Heap formation   Reverse emergence  

摘要： One of the captivating characteristics of social insects, in spite of their rudimentary individual constitution. is the ability by which they have to solve complicated problems in an elastic and robust way. This Includes elasticity which ensures the adaptation of the insect system to the unpredictable changes of their environment, and robustness which guarantees a functioning continuity of the system, in spite of the possible failure of a certain number of its elements in the achievement of their individual missions. From this point of view, Fields of research have emerged over the past decades, with the aim of trying to reveal the secret behind the relationship between individual and society, so perfectly designed in nature Collective robotics is one of those fields where we try to find microscopic rules allowing a group of autonomous robots, mobile and with limited capacity, to carry out a specific macro-task, such as exclusive positioned heap formation. The idea, behind this, is to use a model of oriented reactive agent simulation, to seek the relations which can link the local perceptions of the simulated robots with their basic actions, in order to make the above mentioned gathering task a success. An evolutionary approach is used for this purpose, making it possible to discover the functional control relations of these simulated robots An analogy with the precepts specific to the ant community is established and results of simulation indicating the effectiveness of the detected rules are presented (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

关键词： 江西教育   电脑制作活动   机器人竞赛   要闻   省教育厅   中小学   高中组  

摘要： 8月1日我省机器人竞赛代表队在第十一届全国中小学电脑制作活动电脑机器人竞赛中取得优异成绩。获得高中组的两项冠军。省教育厅第十次荣获“最佳组织奖”。

关键词： 爬壁机器人   四轮驱动   动力学   滑动导向   驱动力矩  

摘要： 研究了四轮驱动滑动吸盘式爬壁机器人在滑动导向运动方式下的动力学问题.首先分析了机器人在壁面上安全移动的运动状态和约束条件,然后对驱动轮支撑力分布、驱动轮与壁面间的横向摩擦力以及密封圈摩擦力进行分析,进而基于牛顿—欧拉法建立了机器人的动力学方程,并用驱动力矩安全系数来表征驱动力矩的安全程度.通过动力学仿真,分析了吸附压力、驱动轮分布、密封圈刚度等对驱动力矩的影响,为四轮驱动滑动吸盘式爬壁机器人结构优化和安全运动控制提供理论依据.

关键词： 空间算子代数(SOA)   链式结构   管道机器人   动力学  

摘要： 在分析了开链式拓扑结构的多节蠕动机器人结构和运动特点的基础上,利用空间算子代数(Spatial operator algebra,SOA)方法,建立了适用于这类机器人系统的通用动力学模型,为验证所建立的动力学模型的正确性,将原理样机运行试验和与动力学仿真分析结果进行了对比。在此基础上,利用该动力学模型,对样机结构的改进与优化,并对机器人运动学和动力学性能的影响进行了分析和评估,为机器人运动控制策略的拟定提供了重要的依据。

关键词： 智能机器人   欺骗   人类   学会  

摘要： 英国《每日邮报》9月13日的一篇文章，以“现实版《2001太空漫游》”作为大标题，报道了一台能够欺骗其他机器人、甚至欺骗人类的智能机器人。

关键词： 智能机器人   《2001太空漫游》   人类   欺骗   学会   宇宙飞船   库布里克   电影大师  

摘要： 在美国电影大师斯坦利·库布里克的殿堂级作品《2001太空漫游》中，宇宙飞船上一台名叫“哈尔”的智能电脑，劫持了飞船并施计杀死了4名机组人员，表现出人工智能的精湛“骗术”。一直以来，人们认为这只是科幻电影中的场景，但现在，美国佐治亚州理工学院的科学家罗纳德·亚金率领的研究小组编写出了一套计算机运算法则，

关键词： 并联机器人   动力学模型   拉格朗日方程  

摘要： 针对并联机器人中各构件之间复杂的运动关系,对一种3-DOF并联机器人进行动力学分析,基于拉格朗日方程法建立了其动力学模型,通过等效转动惯量,给出了系统动能表达形式,列写出系统运动微分方程,以四阶龙格库塔法给出了其解析解。结果表明,运用此方法对这一类机器人进行动力学研究,建模和分析过程较为简捷、方便,不失为并联机器人动力学分析的一种有效方法。