关键词： Social gating   Pedagogy   Early social cognition  

摘要： It seems self-evident that human responsiveness to social input enhances learning, yet the details of the social forces at play are only beginning to come into focus. Recent research on language and cognitive development in preschoolers and infants illuminates mechanisms such as social gating and natural pedagogy, and specific ways in which they benefit learning. We review such advances and consider implications of this research for designing robotic systems that can harness the power of social forces for learning. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 机器人   教学   竞赛   训练   学生参与   兴趣小组   选拔机制   学校  

摘要： 自2003年3月引进机器人,尝试进行机器人兴趣小组教学,至今已有8年,在这8年时间里我在机器人竞赛教学方面积累了比较多的经验。机器人活动对学校来说属于一个较大投入的项目,想大范围的开展机器人教学对学校来说存在一定的压力,因此只能是选拔一部分有能力有兴趣的学生参与,先形成点,然后带动面再进行选修教学,针对参与学生就存在一定的选拔机制,这决定着如何培训如何选拔最好的学生参加活动,

关键词： 机器人竞赛   竞赛活动   青少年   竞技场   机械   奥运   宝山区   上海市  

摘要： “机械奥运”机器人项目集机械、声、光、电、信息技术于一体，具有广泛的知识涵盖面。它是将设计制作与操控竞技结合，趣味性、观赏性、科学性兼备，深受学生喜爱的综合性科技活动。是沪港澳三地青少年步行机器人竞赛交流项目。内容有机械篮球、足球、短跑等十几项竞赛。拥有广泛的群众基础。它更是培养青少年创新能力，团队精神，树立科学道德规范的理想活动载体。

关键词： 球形机器人   拉格朗日方程   动力学模型   进动  

摘要： 利用拉格朗日方程等力学手段,分析了一款微小型球形机器人滚动和转动的运动特点,以及跳跃运动的起跳条件.分析该类机器人的进动形式的运动形态,建立了整合运动的通用动力学模型,实现了机器人沿任意曲线运动.对机器人进行了虚拟样机仿真,实验验证了上述分析的正确性.该研究为机器人非线性控制打下了基础.

关键词： ARTIFICIAL hands   LIGHT emitting diodes   AUTOMATIC control   PRODUCT usage   HUMAN-machine systems -- Manual control  

摘要： The article explores the concept of designing a prosthetic hand with the ability to dynamically react to touch. The device, called Sensory Input Bio Prosthetic Hand, features two mode, automatic and manual. It mentions that the organic lights emitting diode (OLED) is programmed to send an incremental serial signal to the servo control board to allow for accurate control of each servo. It shows that the OLED displays which finger is to moved.

关键词： 机器人   设计  

ISBN: (数字)7512401464 ISBN: (纸本)9787512401464

摘要： 本书以“创意之星”模块化机器人套件为对象，首先介绍了智能机器人技术的发展概况；然后通过介绍一些著名机器人作品、知名机器人竞赛和常用的机器人技术知识，以期让读者对智能机器人技术有一个粗略的了解；在此基础上，以“智能搬运机器人”、“语音问答机器人”、“基于机器视觉的足球机器人”、“机器人倒立摆”、“四足仿生机器人”五个机器人项目为线索，引导读者一步步地通过实践制作智能机器人来学习机器人技术；最后，通过“机器人武术擂台赛”这个较为复杂的机器人竞赛项目，引导读者综合运用各种工程知识和技能来完成一个竞赛机器人项目，并从中得到工程实践和自主创新的训练。

关键词： tremor filtering   real-time compensation   computer-assisted surgery   signal processing  

摘要： Background Physiological tremor is the main cause of imprecision in microsurgical procedures/robotics applications. Existing methods, such as weighted-frequency Fourier linear combiner (WFLC), rely on estimating the tremor under the assumption that it has a single dominant frequency. This paper focuses on developing a new algorithm for accurate tremor filtering in real time. Methods A study conducted on several novice subjects and microsurgeons showed the tremor to contain several dominant frequencies in a band, rather than a single dominant frequency. Based on the tremor characteristics, a new algorithm band-limited multiple Fourier linear combiner (BMFLC) has been developed to estimate a band of signals with multiple dominant frequencies. A separation procedure to separate the intended motion/drift from the tremor portion is also discussed. Results A simulation study was first conducted to validate the theoretical development on recorded tremor data. The experimental set-up was designed to study the real-time performance of the proposed algorithm. Tremor sensing using accelerometers is also discussed, with the proposed algorithm. Our experiments showed that the developed BMFLC algorithm had an average tremor compensation of 64% compared to 43% for the WFLC algorithm in real-time for one degree of freedom (1-DOF) cancellation of tremor. Conclusions The BMFLC algorithm can be applied for the three axes separately and 3-DOF cancellation of tremor can be achieved. Further research is required to deal with complex gestures involved during microsurgery. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley 8.1 Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Ethical decision making   Empirical philosophy   Robot ethics   Surveys  

摘要： We can learn about human ethics from machines. We discuss the design of a working machine for making ethical decisions, the N-Reasons platform, applied to the ethics of robots. This N-Reasons platform builds on web based surveys and experiments, to enable participants to make better ethical decisions. Their decisions are better than our existing surveys in three ways. First, they are social decisions supported by reasons. Second, these results are based on weaker premises, as no exogenous expertise (aside from that provided by the participants) is needed to seed the survey. Third, N-Reasons is designed to support experiments so we can learn how to improve the platform. We sketch experimental results that show the platform is a success as well as pointing to ways it can be improved.

关键词： Early cognitive vision   scene representation   vision-based robotics  

摘要： We present a novel representation of visual information, based on local symbolic descriptors, that we call visual primitives. These primitives: (1) combine different visual modalities, (2) associate semantic to local scene information, and (3) reduce the bandwidth while increasing the predictability of the information exchanged across the system. This representation leads to the concept of early cognitive vision that we define as an intermediate level between dense, signal-based early vision and high-level cognitive vision. The framework's potential is demonstrated in several applications, in particular in the area of robotics and humanoid robotics, which are briefly outlined.

关键词： Iterative learning control   Theory   Algorithms   Experimental application  

摘要： This article gives an overview of the theoretical basis of the norm-optimal approach to iterative learning control followed by results that describe more recent work which has experimentally benchmarked the performance that can be achieved The remainder of the article then describes its actual application to a physical process and a very novel application in stroke rehabilitation