关键词： Cochlear implant   Residual hearing   Robotics  

摘要： Objectives: Recent advancements in robotics have set forth a growing body of evidence for the clinical application of the robotic cochlear implantation (RCI), with many potential benefits. This review aims to summarize these efforts, provide the latest developments in this exciting field, and explore the challenges associated with the clinical implementation of RCI. Data Sources: MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE databases. Study Selection: A search was conducted using the keywords "robotics otolaryngology," "robotic cochlear implant," "minimally-invasive cochlear implantation," "minimally-invasive mastoidectomy," and "percutaneous cochlear implant" with all of their synonyms. Literature selection criteria included articles published in English, and articles from 1970 to present. Results: The use of robotics in neurotology is a relatively new endeavor that continues to evolve. Robotics is being explored by various groups to facilitate in the various steps of cochlear implant surgery, including drilling a keyhole approach to the middle ear for implants, inner ear access, and electrode insertion into the cochlea. Initial clinical trials have successfully implanted selected subjects using robotics. Conclusions: The use of robotics in cochlear implants remains in its very early stages. It is hoped that robotics will improve clinical outcomes. Although successful implants with robots are reported in the literature, there are some challenges that need to be addressed before this approach can become an acceptable option for the conventional cochlear implant surgery, such as safety, time, efficiency, and cost. However, it is hoped that further advancements in robotic technology will help in overcoming these barriers leading to successful implementation for clinical utility.

关键词： Honeybee vision   Flight guidance   Navigation   Optic flow   Perception   Cognition  

摘要： This review summarizes research carried out in the author's laboratory investigating the ways in which honeybees use vision to guide their flight and navigate in their environment, and describes how these principles have been used to design, build and test biologically-inspired systems for the guidance and navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles. It also outlines studies investigating the capacities of honeybees in the areas of visual perception, pattern recognition, and 'cognition'. Crown Copyright (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Actuators  

摘要： Since its beginning, around the 50s decade, until present days, the area of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV) has considerably grown through time;those have been used for many tasks and applications, from bomb searching and recovery to sea exploration. Initially, these robots were used mainly for military and scientific purposes. However, nowadays, they are very much extended into civils, and it is not hard to find them being used for recreation. In this context, the present research is an effort to make a walkthrough of evolution in this area, showing a diversity of structure designs, used materials, sensor and instrumentation technologies, kinds and the number of actuators employed, navigation control techniques, and what is new in development trends. The paper gives a clear starting point for those who are initializing into this research area;also, it brings some helpful knowledge for those who already have experience.

关键词： Collaboration   elementary education   robotics   team learning  

摘要： Educators now recognize the importance of providing students early on with practice to build necessary 21st-century work-related skills, such as collaboration. School robotics programs are increasingly being used to meet the goals of STEM standards-based content assessment and the development of collaboration skills. However, limited investigations focus on how robotics programs develop collaboration skills in elementary-school-age children. The School Robotics Initiative (SRI) was developed to engage elementary-school students (grades 4-6) in problem-based experiences, so they may learn science and mathematical concepts and collaboration skills. The purposes of this study were to examine the processes of team formation and conflict resolution, and the behaviors between students, and between students and teachers, that encourage collaboration. Data collected included field observations from three classrooms over 3 years, supplemented with a review of robotics journals written by the children and annual teacher interviews. Findings revealed that the SRI promoted: (1) use of children's strengths in team roles;(2) use of authentic, conflict-resolution strategies;(3) interpersonal connection, helping behavior, and sharing of knowledge between students;and (4) collaborative relationships between students and teachers. A model for developing collaboration skills in elementary-school students through robotics is proposed. Recommendations for future studies are offered.

关键词： 后疫情时代   新工科   STEAM   教育理念   机器人学   泛在教学   个性化学习  

摘要： 在新冠疫情后疫情时代,如何推行与实施新工科的高质量教学,是教学领域的巨大挑战。教学上,新工科建设更加强调多学科的交叉、融合与实践。针对新工科对机器人学课程的新要求,本文对机器人学课程教学进行了基于STEAM教育理念的教学探索。注重机器人学课程多学科交叉的教学特点,突出课程泛在学习与个性化学习紧密结合,降低教学中的疫情风险,以期提高后疫情时代新工科人才培养质量。

关键词： 人民体育出版社   社会体育指导   机器人竞赛   出版发行   国家体育总局   素质体育   培训标准   机器人运动  

摘要： 2011年6月13日国家体育总局社会体育指导中心宣布将素质体育机器人运动纳入体育运动项目。同年7月,国家体育总局制定颁布了《中国素质体育机器人竞赛规则》,进而制定了赛事赛制及培训标准,并由人民体育出版社出版发行了相应教材。关于机器人运动的一系列政策文件的先后出台和执行标志着素质体育机器人运动赛事相关的培训工作、教育工作、认证工作开始正式步人规范化、标准化的轨道。

关键词： 机器人编程   机器人竞赛   活动设计   竞赛规则   线上平台  

摘要： 2020年,中央电教馆改革全国中小学电脑制作活动机器人竞赛方式,取消了机器人品牌和型号限制,由各省市自行选拔机器人参赛选手参加全国竞赛。在全国竞赛中,现场命题,现场比赛,重点考查中小学生现场动手解决问题的能力,以及编写机器人运行程序的水平。2019年,重庆市共有290支队伍、498人参加全市机器人选拔赛。FLL太空之旅、WER能力挑战赛、中鸣轨迹赛3个项目有236支队伍参赛。可将这3个项目组合成一个通用机器人竞赛项目,以满足所有"轮式机器人"均可参赛的要求。同时,根据重庆市各区县实际情况,将"轮式机器人"竞赛规则分为巡线和搬运两个项目,遵循通用性原则、简易性原则、随机性原则。

关键词： 机器人竞赛   世界锦标赛   吉尼斯纪录   编读往来   世锦赛   竞赛方式   悬念   一枝独秀  

摘要： 2021年VEX世锦赛再创吉尼斯纪录,亚太分区赛酒泉盛会一枝独秀美国时间5月29日,历时13天的2021年VEX机器人世界锦标赛圆满落下帷幕。共有来自全球30个国家的1400多支赛队,超过8600名选手参与比赛。此次VEX世锦赛首度采用线上竞赛方式,毫无悬念地被吉尼斯世界纪录认证为全世界参与人数最多的线上机器人竞赛,这也是VEX世锦赛第三次创下吉尼斯世界纪录。

关键词： 3-PUU并联机器人   达朗贝尔法   动力学仿真分析  

摘要： 目的为了提高机器人在包装生产线上抓取、码放包装物品时的控制精度和稳定性,需要准确地了解机器人的动力学特性,对3-PUU并联机器人的动力学特性进行研究。方法以现在常用的3-PUU型并联机器人为研究对象,介绍了其基本结构,运用达朗贝尔法对其动力学进行数学建模分析计算,然后建立机器人实体模型,导入Adams软件中进行仿真计算,并与在Matlab中编程计算得到的结果相比较。结果得到了机器人的动力学方程,仿真得到机器人驱动滑块的位移、速度、加速度曲线,与Matlab编程计算得到的结果相吻合,且曲线平滑连续,无突变。结论验证了数学模型的正确性,可以为机器人的电机选型及精确控制等提供理论基础。

关键词： 协作机器人   动力学模型   模型误差补偿   循环神经网络   长短期记忆模型  

摘要： 由于协作机器人的结构比普通工业机器人更为轻巧,一般动力学模型所忽略的复杂特性占比较大,导致协作机器人的计算预测力矩误差较大.据此提出在考虑重力、科里奥利力、惯性力和摩擦力等的基础上,采用深度循环神经网络中的长短期记忆模型对自主研发的六自由度协作机器人动力学模型进行误差补偿.在实验中采用优化后的基于傅里叶级数的激励轨迹驱动机器人运动,以电机电流估算关节力矩,获取的原始数据用来训练长短期记忆模型(LSTM)补偿网络.网络的训练结果和评价指标为预测力矩相比实际力矩的均方根误差.计算与实验结果表明,补偿后的协作机器人动力学模型对实际力矩具有更好的预测效果,各轴预测力矩与实际力矩的均方根误差相比于未补偿的传统模型降低了61.8%至78.9%不等,表明了文中所提出补偿方法的有效性.