关键词： Familial adenomatous polyposis   Juvenile polyposis syndrome   Peutz-Jeghers syndrome   Registries   Data collection  

摘要： The St Mark's Hospital Polyposis Registry was founded in 1924, the first such unit in the world. This paper documents the development of the unit over the subsequent 100 years, which was inextricably linked to scientific and clinical advance in the field of polyposis syndromes.

关键词： Paediatric cardiac surgery   Clinical Trial   Congenital heart disease  

摘要： Introduction Myocardial protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury is a key determinant of heart function and outcome following cardiac surgery in children. However, myocardial injury still occurs routinely following aortic cross-clamping, as demonstrated by the ubiquitous rise in circulating troponin. del Nido cardioplegia was designed to protect the immature myocardium and is widely used in the USA but has not previously been available in the UK, where St. Thomas' blood cardioplegia is most common. The del Nido versus St. Thomas' blood cardioplegia in the young (DESTINY) trial will evaluate whether one solution is better than the other at improving myocardial protection by reducing myocardial injury, shortening ischaemic time and improving clinical *** and analysis The DESTINY trial is a multicentre, patient-blinded and assessor-blinded, parallel-group, individually randomised controlled trial recruiting up to 220 children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease. Participants will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either del Nido cardioplegia or St. Thomas' blood cardioplegia, with follow-up until 30 days following surgery. The primary outcome is area under the time-concentration curve for plasma high-sensitivity troponin I in the first 24 hours after aortic cross-clamp release. Secondary outcome measures include the incidence of low cardiac output syndrome and Vasoactive-Inotropic Score in the first 48 hours, total aortic cross-clamp time, duration of mechanical ventilation and lengths of stay in the paediatric intensive care unit and the *** and dissemination The trial was approved by the West Midlands-Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Research Ethics Committee (21/WM/0149) on 30 June 2021. Findings will be disseminated to the academic community through peer-reviewed publications and presentation at national and international meetings. Parents will be informed of the results through a newsletter in conjunction

关键词： endemism   sand dune ecology   population clustering   historic comparison   OHV recreation  

摘要： Introduction: Rare and endemic plants that inhabit sand dunes are of conservation concern across the world. The St. Anthony Evening Primrose (Oenothera psammophila, (A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr.) W.L. Wagner, Stockhouse & Klein) is a rare endemic plant that occurs on the St. Anthony Sand Dunes (SASD) in Idaho, USA. This evening primrose is classified by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) as a range-wide imperiled species with high endangerment risk and was listed as a candidate species under the Endangered Species Act in 1975, but was removed from candidacy in 1996 after extensive population estimates. Little research has been conducted on this species since these population estimates conducted by the BLM in 1994. Methods: We conducted surveys in 2024 to compare the current geographic distribution and number of individuals of this species with similar data collected in 1994. We hypothesized that the distribution and number of these plants have decreased in the last 30 years. Results: In 1994, it was documented that the St. Anthony Evening Primrose occupied 1,403 ha with 38,426 plants. In 2024, we documented that the St. Anthony Evening Primrose covered 829 ha (41% decrease;X-2 = 106.85, p < 0.0001) with 19,737 plants (49% decrease;X-2 = 3035.9, p < 0.0001). The distribution and number of plants decreased in two of the three regions in our study area but did not decrease in one of those regions. From 1994 to 2018-2021, there has been a 16,909% increase in the number of Off-Highway Vehicles (OHV) on the SASD during June, which is likely correlated to the decrease in distribution and number of St. Anthony Evening Primrose. Discussion: Although we documented decreases in population distribution and number of plants in two regions of our study area, our data precluded us from quantifying the extent of those decreases that were caused by natural dune movement, variation in precipitation and soil moisture, or OHV use. Our results, however, do provide biologists with informatio

关键词： education   media   poetry   virtual learning  

摘要： Since 2013, Poetry in America has evolved as an educational initiative from large, open-enrollment online courses, to a TV series, and a suite of educational programs supporting learners from middle school to adulthood, dual enrollment high school students pursuing college credit, current classroom teachers, and teachers in training. Contextualizing the form and methods of Poetry in America courses in relation to the schoolroom poetry of the past, and critical debates in literary studies about poetry in public, the author suggests that a schoolroom poetry for the present can prepare students to interpret any complex text, while also nurturing creativity, and recentering classrooms, wherever or whatever they are, as essential to civic life.

关键词： non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction   prediction model   machine learning   in-hospital mortality   Shapley additive explanations  

摘要： This study sought to establish machine learning models for forecasting in-hospital mortality in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients, and focused on model interpretability using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP). Data were gathered from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database. The synthetic minority over-sampling technique and Edited Nearest Neighbors were used to address class imbalance. Four machine learning algorithms were employed, including Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDT), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). SHAP was utilized to improve transparency and credibility. The all-features RF model demonstrated optimal performance, with an accuracy of 0.8513, precision of 0.9016, and AUC of 0.8903. The SHAP summary plot for the RF model revealed that Acute Physiology Score III, lactate dehydrogenase, and lactate were the three most crucial characteristics, with higher values indicating a greater risk. The study demonstrates the applicability of machine learning, particularly RF, in predicting in-hospital mortality for NSTEMI patients, with the use of SHAP enhancing model interpretability and providing clinicians with clearer insights into feature contributions.

摘要： Segmentation of video objects in complex scenarios is highly challenging, and the MOSE dataset has significantly contributed to the development of this field. This technical report details the STSeg solution proposed by the "imaplus" finetuning SAM2 and the unsupervised model TMO on the MOSE dataset, the STSeg solution demonstrates remarkable advantages in handling complex object motions and long-video sequences. In the inference phase, an Adaptive Pseudo-labels Guided Model Refinement Pipeline is adopted to intelligently select appropriate models for processing each video. Through finetuning the models and employing the Adaptive Pseudo-labels Guided Model Refinement Pipeline in the inference phase, the STSeg solution achieved a J&F score of 87.26% on the test set of the 2025 4th PVUW Challenge MOSE Track, securing the 1st place and advancing the technology for video object segmentation in complex scenarios.

摘要： This perspective begins with the discovery of the Grignard reaction by a graduate student in the last years of the 19th century, followed by describing why it has remained largely unexplained for more than a century. From the summary of what has been achieved, focusing on the computational aspects, it is now clear that further studies of the chemistry of any chemical species that is highly sensitive to solvents, such as Group I and II elements, require a holistic approach that includes the solute and the solvent together. Ab initio molecular dynamics, which meets these requirements, has produced some results but has hit hard limits due to its relatively high computational costs. In these days, it is becoming clear that data-driven methods, including machine learning potentials and simulations driven by quantitative on-the-fly calculation of relevant observables, have the potential to better and more completely explore the very large chemical space associated with the presence of a large number of species in solution. These methodologies have the chance to give the keys to enter the challenging and still poorly explored world of chemical species whose behaviour and reactivity are strongly influenced by the solvent and the experimental conditions.

关键词： authoritarian   policy entrepreneur   conservative   think tank   media   operative  

摘要： The first few days of the second Trump presidency saw a flurry of executive orders targeting immigrants, the transgender community, blacks, and federal government employees. The resulting "shocks" to the system are unprecedented, causing many to question the continuation of American democracy. These actions are a few of many policy preferences developed by conservatives and captured in "Project 2025", spearheaded by the Heritage Foundation and with the overall intent of restructuring the federal government to suit authoritarian aims. Using a theoretical framework regarding policy entrepreneurs (PEs), I argue that conservative PEs (CPEs), under the aegis of the Republican Party and a second Trump term, are encouraging a shift away from a federal democratic republic to an authoritarian regime. CPEs of interest include elected officials, think tanks, media outlets, interest groups, and political operatives;collectively, these entities constitute a network of mostly unnoticed conservative political professionals using the mechanisms of policy entrepreneurship to damage American democracy. Overall, the actions CPEs take in terms of setting the agenda, controlling the electoral process, and informing the media indicate an eventual abandonment of democratic norms, an inclination towards the establishment of an authoritarian regime, and acceptance of said regime by a significant portion of the American people.

关键词： health diplomacy   public health diplomacy   global health governance   health policy   Global Health Security   public health competencies  

摘要： Public health diplomacy addresses global challenges impacting societies, economies, the environment, and health by integrating foreign policy and development. The University of Memphis School of Public Health hosted a multistakeholder summit to identify strategies and competencies essential for effective public health diplomacy. A 3-day summit included 29 participants from 15 countries, representing the WHO, the World Federation of United Nations, and seven regional public health associations. An iterative human-centered design (HCD) approach and concept mapping were employed to facilitate discussions and generate actionable recommendations. Developed a working definition of Public Health Diplomacy emphasizing cross-disciplinary collaborations, communication, negotiation, and consensus building. Produced a 9-point action plan to establish a global framework, launch capacity-building initiatives, and institutionalize public health diplomacy as a public health discipline.