关键词： Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase   16S rRNA methylases   IncI1   IncX1   E. coli  

摘要： Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, particularly due to increasing bacterial resistance to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics, primarily mediated by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and 16S rRNA methylases in Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, a multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli strain HN257 isolated from chicken belonging to ST224 and serotype O88:H23 was characterized. SNP-based phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clades among poultry-associated E. coli ST224 in this study and others from Genbank, with strain HN257 closely related to chicken-derived E. coli YH17148 (serotype O78:H23), from China. The E. coli HN257 harbored four plasmids with 16 resistance determinants. Two blaCTX-M-65 genes were located on different plasmids with an IS26-bracketed resistance module IS26-traI-fip-Delta ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-65-IS903D-iroNIS26. The plasmid pHN257-2 belonged to the IncI1 ST71 epidemic lineage and carried blaCTX-M-65, blaTEM-1b, rmtB, fosA3, floR, aac(3)-IV and oqxAB, while plasmid pHN257-4 belonged to the non-conjugative IncX1 and carried blaCTX-M-65 and fosA3. Under experimental conditions, a rmtB-positive conjugative helper IncI1 ST136 plasmid could fuse with the non-conjugative pHN257-4 carrying blaCTX-M-65, resulting in the formation of a cointegrate pHN257-F mediated by IS26. Importantly, both single and fused plasmids in transconjugants showed minimal impact on bacterial growth. This study highlights the first identification of a non-conjugative IncX1 plasmid carrying blaCTX-M-65 and fosA3 in MDR E. coli ST224 from poultry, offering critical insights into the presence and transmission dynamics of blaCTX-M-65.

关键词： hypoxia   upwelling   nutrient trapping   retention   statistical model   Benguela system  

摘要： St Helena Bay (SHB), a retentive zone in the productive southern Benguela Upwelling System off western South Africa, experiences seasonal hypoxia and episodic anoxic events that threaten local fisheries. To understand the drivers of oxygen variability in SHB, we queried 25 years of dissolved oxygen (DO) observations alongside high-resolution wind and hydrographic data, and dynamical data from a high-resolution model. At 70 m in SHB (mid-bay), upwelling-favorable winds in spring drove replenishment of cold, oxygenated water. Hypoxia developed in summer, becoming most severe in autumn. Bottom waters in autumn were replenished with warmer, less oxygenated water than in spring-suggesting a seasonal change in source waters upwelled into the bay. Downwelling and deep mixing in winter ventilated mid-bay bottom waters, which reverted to hypoxic conditions during wind relaxations and reversals. In the nearshore (20 m), hypoxia occurred specifically during periods of upwelling-favorable wind stress and was most severe in autumn. Using a statistical model, we extended basic hydrographic observations to nitrate and DO concentrations and developed metrics to identify the accumulation of excess nutrients on the shelf and nitrogen-loss to denitrification, both of which were most prominent in autumn. A correspondence of the biogeochemical properties of hypoxic waters at 20 m to those at 70 m implicates the latter as the source waters upwelled inshore in autumn. We conclude that wind-driven upwelling drives the replenishment of respired bottom waters in SHB with oxygenated waters, noting that less-oxygenated water is imported later in the upwelling season, which exacerbates hypoxia.

关键词： bottlenose dolphins   cetaceans   disease   habitat use   residency   salinity   skin lesions   sociality   St. Johns River   Tursiops erebennus  

摘要： Photographic analysis of skin lesions is a noninvasive approach to estimate the health of cetacean populations. The St. Johns River (SJR) in NE Florida is an estuarine system inhabited by Tamanend's bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops erebennus) that is characterized by high levels of anthropogenic activity. Both environmental factors and social transmission of disease may influence lesion formation in dolphins, thus this study aimed to determine if skin lesion prevalence and extent of coverage differed based on (1) the amount of time spent in the SJR annually and (2) sociality measures. Photos were examined for lesions on the dorsal fin and total visible body. Individuals were categorized as residents, seasonals, or transients based on the monthly sighting rate in cold and warm seasons. The mean nonzero SRI and degree centrality were compared to lesion prevalence and coverage. Residents exhibited the highest prevalence of skin lesions, followed by seasonals and transients. Coverage in affected individuals did not significantly differ among residency groups. Lesion prevalence was higher in the SJR than nearby sites. Associations between sociality and lesion measures were not significant. These results suggest that habitat use primarily drives lesion occurrence in SJR dolphins.

关键词： Computed tomography angiography   Coronary angiography   Chronic coronary occlusion   Acute coronary syndrome  

摘要： This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in ruling out coronary artery stenosis >= 70% across all segments and its role in providing preprocedural guidance for chronic total occlusion (CTO) management in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). This study was a post hoc analysis of a prospective, multicenter cohort comprising 347 patients with NSTE-ACS. All patients underwent CCTA immediately after being diagnosed with NSTE-ACS, followed by invasive coronary angiography (ICA) within 1 day. The diagnostic performance of CCTA in ruling out obstructive coronary stenosis was assessed using negative predictive value (NPV). Additionally, segments distal to CTO were analyzed to compare the detection capabilities of CCTA and ICA. The NPV of CCTA for ruling out coronary stenosis >= 70% was robust, ranging from 94.7 to 100.0% across the 18-segment model at the segment level, and 25.9% of patients had no significant stenosis and could have avoided unnecessary ICA based on CCTA findings. CCTA identified 71.0% of segments distal to CTO, significantly higher than ICA (48.8%, P < 0.001). 25.1% of patients had CTO, where CCTA provided valuable preprocedural guidance for revascularization. CCTA demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy in ruling out significant stenosis and provided critical information for CTO revascularization, highlighting its potential as a triaging and planning tool in NSTE-ACS.

关键词： CIDI   cancer   mental disorder   partnership   psycho-oncology   cancer   mental disorder   partnership   psycho-oncology  

摘要： Background Patients facing the diagnosis of cancer are confronted with high stress levels, which increase the risk of developing a mental disorder. Being in a relationship moderates patients' mental health and can have a risk-reducing effect. We aim to describe the influence of partnership status on the 4-week-prevalence of mental disorders in cancer patients and how it varies by gender. Methods As part of the secondary data analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study, 1857 patients with cancer (51,6% women, age 18-75 years, & Oslash;age 57 years, 79,7% in a partnership) were assessed using a written questionnaire and, for the diagnosis of psychological disorders (4-week prevalence), the CIDI-O interview. Frequency calculations and binary logistic analyses were carried out. Results In the univariate analyses, the frequency of the presence of at least one mental disorder is significantly lower in patients who are in a relationship (25,4% vs. 35,3%, p<0,001). They are also less likely to simultaneously suffer from multiple mental disorders. These differences are also evident for individual classes of disorders. The multivariate gender-differentiated analysis confirms this trend. In addition to age and income as significant predictors, only men experience a significant protective effect of their relationship against the occurrence of a mental disorder (OR=2,5, p<0,001). Discussion There has been very limited research on the links between partnership status, gender, and mental disorders in cancer patients. The results found in our analyses should be further explored, particularly regarding the protective role of partnership against developing mental disorders. Conclusion In the context of psycho-oncological care the status of living alone should be considered as a possible risk factor for developing mental disorders, especially in men.

关键词： Norway   Glacierized basins   Glacio-hydrological modeling   Glacier compensation effect   Runoff composition   Runoff variability  

摘要： Study region: The research is conducted for nineteen glacierized basins in southwestern Norway during the early 21st century. Study focus: The study utilizes a process-based, distributed snow evolution model to carry out high-resolution simulations of glacier surface mass balance and catchment runoff. The model is constrained by observations from fifteen glaciers and evaluated against measured discharge from eight river basins. We investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of surface mass balance and catchment runoff, and analyze the contribution of rainfall, snow and glacier meltwater to the total runoff. Finally, we examine the relationship between interannual variability of discharge and glacier cover. New hydrological insights for the region: The study reveals that glaciers in our study region provide 20.9 % and 19.5 % of the annual and summer runoff on average across different river basins. Snow meltwater is the prevailing runoff component throughout the year across most basins, whereas glacier meltwater is the primary contributor to the summer and autumn runoff for basins with glacier cover > 30 %. The interannual variability of discharge decreases with increasing glacier cover without reaching a local minimum. The sensitivity of discharge variability to temperature exceeds that to precipitation only at high glacier cover (42.1 %).

关键词： St. Croix   Suffolk   Sheep grimace score   Lipopolysaccharide   TNF-alpha   Hemolysis   Serum metabolome  

摘要： This study investigates different physical responses of St. Croix (STC) and Suffolk (SUF) sheep in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Through a multidisciplinary approach encompassing physiological, immunological, and metabolic analyses, we aim to explore the mechanisms underlying disease susceptibility and resilience in small ruminants. Sheep were intravenously administered LPS at a dose of 2.5 mu g/kg;blood and body temperature data were collected hourly. Behavioral observations were recorded during sampling and videos within pens were obtained 30 min after blood collection. An increase of body temperature by 1 degrees C was observed in all groups (P >= 0.05). Significant variances were observed in leukocyte and neutrophil counts, wherein STC sheep displayed elevated cell concentrations compared to SUF sheep from 6 h following LPS injection until the conclusion of the sampling period (P <= 0.05). Additionally, SUF sheep exhibited greater hemolysis to acute LPS injury, as evidenced by higher optical density at 540 nm (P = 0.02). Behavioral assessment revealed a more pronounced grimace response in SUF sheep following LPS exposure, with an average sheep grimace score (SGS) of 2.67 compared to 1.25 in STC sheep (P < 0.0001). Metabolomic analysis demonstrated significant alterations in serum metabolite profiles between the two breeds, with 28 metabolites showing differential abundance (FDR <= 0.05). These findings contribute to a better understanding of host immunity and offer insights for targeted interventions to enhance disease resistance in small ruminants.

关键词： Collective memory   Empire   Ricoeur   Arendt   Lisbon   Padrao dos Descobrimentos   Portugal  

摘要： The purpose of this paper is to analyse a particularly influential case of memory continuity in Portugal, that of Padrao dos Descobrimentos. Spaces of collective memory (such as public monuments) raise questions about what we celebrate, remember or rescue from oblivion, providing an opportunity to rethink the trauma. As such, care for public spaces is associated with ethical and cultural values. One of the difficulties with certain monuments has to do with the fact that they recall actions that today we see as traumatic acts. Thus, it is important to reflect on a critical use of memory. On August 8, 2021, Padr & atilde;o dos Descobrimentos was the subject of a graffiti. One of the sides of the monument could read: "Blindly sailing for money, humanity is drowning in a scarlet sea". A great controversy immediately arose around the meaning of this gesture, as well as the role played by a monument that, after being temporarily built in 1940 for the Portuguese World Exhibition, was, in its current version, inaugurated in 1960, on the occasion of the fifth centenary of the death of Infante D. Henrique. This episode reignited a deeper cleavage around the uses of history and memory, the Portuguese colonial past, and the role of the Padr & atilde;o dos Descobrimentos as an instrument for the reproduction of nationalism. In this sense, and with the authors proposing a new theoretical frame of reference based on the thought of Arendt and Ricoeur, its critical reading becomes relevant.

关键词： sialylation   ST3GAL1   NRP1   EGFR   migrations  

摘要： Metastasis is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. The overexpression of the sialyltransferase ST3GAL1 in breast cancer correlates with metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of ST3GAL1 on cell movement are poorly understood. We identified neuropilin-1/ NRP1 as a substrate for ST3GAL1. Gene expression analysis revealed that recurrence-free survival (p = 0.0046) and distant metastasis-free survival (p = 0.0003) were significantly shorter subgroup. We demonstrated that the ST3GAL1-mediated sialylation of NRP1 results in increased binding affinity toward EGFR at the molecular level. At the cellular level, ST3GAL1 silencing impaired cell migration and wound healing ability, which was linked to reduced activities of CAPN2 as a consequence of diminished EGF/EGFR signaling. These data establish a function for the ST3GAL1-mediated sialylation of NRP1, leading to increased EGF/EGFR downstream signaling and enhanced tumor cell motility. Furthermore, ST3GAL1 silencing augmented the sensitivity to cetuximab-mediated cell lysis. Our findings provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the function of ST3GAL1 in promoting tumor cell migration through the EGFR/NRP1 pathway. Our results suggest that ST3GAL1 may represent a valuable target for strategies aimed at inhibiting tumor migration.