关键词： Hypericaceae   herb   aerial part   tocol   alpha-tocopherol   phytochemicals   lipophilic bioactive compound  

摘要： St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) has been extensively utilized across various traditional medicinal systems, including ancient Greek medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, and Islamic medicine. H. perforatum is a well-known medicinal plant due to the presence of hypericin and hyperforin, which are natural antidepressants. Recent studies indicate that the inflorescences of wild H. perforatum are a source of rare tocotrienols, primarily delta-T3. Similar studies are lacking for cultivated species. H. perforatum was grown for three years. At full bloom each year, the plant was cut and separated into its parts: stems, leaves, flower buds, and flowers. Tocotrienols (T3s) were present in each part of the H. perforatum. The lowest concentration of tocotrienols was recorded in stems and the highest in flower buds (1.7-4.2 and 88.2-104.7 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively). Flower buds and flowers were the main source of alpha-T3 and delta-T3 tocotrienols. The plant part has a significant impact on the tocochromanol profile and concentration, while the year of harvest/plant aging does not. The present study demonstrates that cultivated H. perforatum flower heads are the first known flowers with relatively high concentrations of tocotrienols. St. John's wort flower buds accumulate tocotrienols over tocopherols, regardless of the year of the plant.

摘要： The 2013-2014 Russia-Ukraine crisis that started the Russian war against Ukraine is usually conceptualised as a geopolitical or international security crisis and analysed according to spatial logics. This article focuses on the underresearched chronopolitics of the crisis, arguing that in addition to a security crisis, events presented European leaders with a temporal identity crisis. The very fact that something like this could happen 'in Europe in the 21st century' was deemed extraordinary, challenging the EU's core legitimating narrative of Europe as a peaceful and advanced space. Drawing on timing theory from International Relations, the article analyses the frequent use of temporal language in political discourse during the crisis, such as the oft-repeated phrase that Russia's actions were 'unacceptable (in Europe) in the 21st century'. It casts leaders as timing agents seeking to fit events into their respective timing projects to legitimise their own actions and discredit those of others.

关键词： Russia   settler colonialism   environmental injustice   internal colonialism   environmental inequality   indigenous people   ecological violence  

摘要： This review explores the colonial land practices employed by Imperial and Soviet Russia and their enduring influence on environmental inequality in contemporary Russia. Drawing on secondary histories and academic literature in Russian and English, it situates Russian environmental issues within global patterns of colonial ecological violence, emphasizing the historical and ongoing exploitation of Indigenous lands, the marginalization of ethnic minorities, and centralized governance reliant on extractive industries. By employing the decolonial lens, this paper bridges the macro-historical processes of Russian imperialism with micro-level research on resource extraction and pollution. In so doing, it contributes a nuanced perspective on how enduring colonial structures and centralized governance perpetuate environmental inequalities. By synthesizing insights from Environmental Sociology and Russian Area Studies, this paper addresses existing gaps in understanding how colonial legacies shape the contemporary unequal distribution of pollution and environmental harm. The review calls for a decolonial environmental justice lens to analyze these systemic inequalities and to challenge state-promoted narratives of equality, prosperity, and the denial of colonialism in Russia's history.

关键词： TWR   SWIPT   EH   DF   kappa-mu fading   ST   SEE  

摘要： This research investigates the performance of two-way relaying (TWR) networks enabling simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) under the generalized kappa-mu fading model, known for its flexibility in characterizing diverse wireless propagation environments. TWR is employed to facilitate efficient bidirectional communication, utilizing a time-switching (TS) scheme at the relay to manage energy harvesting and information transfer processes simultaneously. The decode-and-forward protocol is adopted to enhance information flow reliability, while selection combining at the destination improves signal reception from both direct and relay-assisted links, thereby boosting overall system performance. Closed-form expressions are derived for key performance metrics, including outage probability, system throughput, and system energy efficiency, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the system's behavior. The analysis highlights the impact of critical factors such as the TS factor, energy conversion efficiency, threshold target rates, and kappa-mu fading parameters on system performance. The theoretical results are validated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrating the accuracy and robustness of the proposed analytical framework.

摘要： Numerous declines have been documented across insect groups, and the potential consequences of insect losses are dire. Butterflies are the most surveyed insect taxa, yet analyses have been limited in geographic scale or rely on data from a single monitoring program. Using records of 12.6 million individual butterflies from >76,000 surveys across 35 monitoring programs, we characterized overall and species-specific butterfly abundance trends across the contiguous United States. Between 2000 and 2020, total butterfly abundance fell by 22% across the 554 recorded species. Species-level declines were widespread, with 13 times as many species declining as increasing. The prevalence of declines throughout all regions in the United States highlights an urgent need to protect butterflies from further losses.