关键词： Aspirin   Chest Pain   Disparities  

摘要： Objectives: Although disparities exist in aspirin administration for chest pain and ST elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI), little is known about community-based disparities in aspirin administration for prehospital patients. We evaluated disparities in prehospital aspirin using a national prehospital database. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the 2018-2021 NEMSIS database linked to census data, including adult prehospital encounters. We created two cohorts: dispatch reason of chest pain and identified STEMI on prehospital EKG. We stratified patients based on majority ZIP Code race/ethnicity (>50% White, Black, and Hispanic) and into quartiles based on household income. Using multivariable logistic regression, we evaluated the association between incident community characteristics and aspirin administration. Results: We included 4,881,663 chest pain encounters and 184,610 STEMIs. Chest pain encounters in majority White communities (32.3%) received aspirin more often for chest pain than Black (22.1%;aOR 0.59, [0.59-0.60]) or Hispanic (24.8%;aOR 0.66, [0.66-0.67]) communities. Compared to the top income quartile (29.0%), the lowest income quartile had lower odds of aspirin administration (4th-27.6%;aOR 0.93, [0.92-0.94]). For STEMIs, adjusted odds of aspirin administration were higher for White (53.4%) than Black (52.5%;aOR 0.81, [0.78-0.84]) or Hispanic (53.6%;aOR 0.93, [0.89-0.96]) patients. Compared to the highest income quartile (55.0%), lower quartiles had lower odds of aspirin administration (2nd-54.2%;aOR 0.95, [0.92-0.97];3rd-52.9%;aOR 0.93, [0.91-0.96];4th-52.0%;aOR 0.86, [0.84-0.89]). Conclusions: Patients from Black, Hispanic/Latino, and lowest-income communities received aspirin for chest pain at a lower rate than white or high-income patients.

关键词： Productive structure   reprimarization   development   Latin America   O1   O13   F16  

摘要： At the beginning of the twenty first century, economic and geopolitical transformations in the global economy reaffirmed Latin America's peripheral integration as a supplier of agricultural, mineral, and energy products. These negative structural changes occurred alongside low economic growth, external vulnerability, and difficulties in addressing structural issues such as poverty and inequality, as well as the growing environmental degradation. This article aims to theoretically and empirically investigate the relationship between reprimarization and development in Latin America from 2000 to 2022. A panel data model is estimated for eighteen countries to investigate the determinants of primary exports. The main results suggested that the reprimarization process is path-dependent and driven by inequality. On the other hand, improvements in the productive structure have a negative effect on reprimarization, suggesting the relevance of policies for productive, inclusive, and sustainable development in Latin America.

关键词： Trauma   Revolt   1381   memory   millstones   St. Albans   community  

摘要： This paper explores the events at the abbey of St. Albans in 1381 through a lens of memory and trauma. It revisits the much-discussed actions of the rebels, ripping up the millstones of the parlour floor, and frames it not as akin to documentary culture but rather material culture. In doing so, this paper emphasises the role of memory in the motivations and actions of the rebels and establishes a valuable and fruitful connection between medieval trauma and medieval memory. It shifts the study of medieval trauma from a current focus on violence to one that highlights and emphasises societal and community identifiers - in this case, centuries of oppression and enforcement of suit-of-mill. By using trauma as a valuable analytic, rather than diagnostic tool this paper encourages its use by medieval historians and particularly historians of the Revolt.

关键词： developmentalism   class coalitions   Economic History   democracy   capitalist development   phases of capitalism   social democracy   national right-wing populism   liberalism   capitalism   managerial class  

ISBN: (数字)9780191999239 ISBN: (纸本)9780198898146

摘要： This book discusses the political economy of 20th- and 21st-century capitalism. It starts from the Second Industrial Revolution, which allowed room for the rise of the managerial class and adoption by the rich countries of universal suffrage around 1900, which defined the time to come as the time of democracy. The book follows the political economy rather than the economics of a new theoretical framework that the author and a group of other academics have been developing since the 2000s, termed New Developmentalism. It suggests that there are two forms of economic coordination of capitalism: economic liberalism, leaving resource allocation to the market, and developmentalism, which involves moderate intervention of the state in the economy and a national perspective. The author uses the word ‘developmentalism’ because there is no established word to mean the alternative to economic liberalism. The book describes four phases of capitalist development: the mercantilist, the liberal-industrial, the capitalist-managerial, and the neoliberal rentier-financier phases. While the capitalist-managerial phase was progressive, developmental, and social-democratic, the rentier-financier coalition was narrow—a regressive phase dominated by radical neoliberal ideology. For the author, the rise of national right-wing populism doesn’t represent a crisis of democracy, which is threatened but strong; the crisis rather reflects the recent collapse of neoliberalism and the rise of a conservative developmentalism. The phase that is now beginning is not a capitalist-managerial but a managerial-capitalist phase because the major partner in the coalition is ceasing to be the capitalist and becoming the managerial class.

摘要： 英国 日本、瑞士、意大利等国的多家商业航天企业从英国政府获得了约 87 万美元资助,3 月底需出台报告,提出关于太空垃圾清除、卫星燃料补加等在轨服务的整体构想,并对监管、许可证办理工作提出建议.