关键词： Epidemiology   Neonatology   Growth  

摘要： Objectives To compare the INTERGROWTH-21st and the WHO fetal growth chart in detecting term small for gestational age (SGA) neonates and predicting short-term adverse perinatal *** A retrospective cohort *** Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Aga Khan University Hospital *** Term singleton pregnancies between July and December 2018 with ultrasound growth scan done within 4 weeks of delivery. Pregnancies with structural and chromosomal abnormalities and multiple gestations were *** The estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated using the INTERGROWTH-21st and the WHO fetal growth chart based on ultrasound measurements. Fetuses with EFW below the 10th percentile were classified as SGA. Neonates were confirmed as SGA based on similar postnatal weight percentile. Short-term adverse perinatal outcomes were also *** A total of 932 records were screened, and 478 were included in the analysis. The sensitivity of the WHO fetal growth chart (70.2%;95% CI: 60.4%, 78.8%) was higher than the INTERGROWTH-21st (45.2%;95% CI: 35.4%, 55.3%) for predicting neonatal SGA. The WHO fetal growth chart predicted more SGA neonates when compared with the INTERGROWTH-21st (AUC=0.75, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.80 and AUC=0.63, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.68, respectively). Both charts were similar in predicting the short-term adverse perinatal outcomes;AUC (95% CI) was 0.77 (0.70, 0.83) for INTERGROWTH-21st and 0.78 (0.72, 0.85) for the WHO fetal growth *** The WHO fetal growth chart demonstrates significantly better accuracy in predicting term SGA neonates compared with INTERGROWTH-21st. Further, both charts have similar prediction abilities for short-term adverse perinatal outcomes.

关键词： Imperial defence   British-Dominion relations   British war plans   combined operations   Canadian Militia  

摘要： In November 1897, the Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) North America and West Indies Station, Vice-Admiral Sir John Fisher, initiated plans to capture the French North American island group of St Pierre and Miquelon, using British garrison troops stationed at Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the Canadian Militia in a supporting role. His staff developed the scheme without consulting the Government of Canada or the War Office, and only brought the Halifax garrison commander into the planning process in October 1898, when the Fashola Crisis was in full swing. The War Office and the government of Canada eventually learned of the plans, which slumped along until 1903, but no one seemed sure who had the authority to deploy the Canadian Militia abroad. The plans were never executed, but the episode reveals a great deal about the dysfunctional state of British strategic planning in the late-Victorian period, especially between the War Office and the Admiralty, and the evolution of the dominion-imperial relations.

关键词： Hypericum perforatum   Chrysolina hyperici   Chrysolina quadrigemina   Zeuxodiplosis giardi   ex-post economic evaluation   cost-benefit   biological control   New Zealand  

摘要： An ex-post economic evaluation of biocontrol of St John's wort (SJW), Hypericum perforatum, in New Zealand (NZ), used ecological niche modelling, GIS-mapped land-use vulnerabilities and a logistic equation to predict that SJW could have infested 660,000 ha of low-value hill-country pasture. To calculate productivity losses, we assumed serious infestations of SJW caused 30% decreases in farm income per hectare. Investment in SJW biocontrol totalled NZ$0.28 million (2022 rates) associated with the 1943-1992 releases of the chrysomelid beetles, Chrysolina hyperici and C. quadrigemina, and the cecidomyiid gall midge, Zeuxodiplosis giardi. Biocontrol effectiveness increased linearly in our model from 1943 (when initial local defoliation occurred) to reach 99% control nationwide by 1993 (when SJW was no longer considered a significant agricultural weed). We estimate that SJW biocontrol in NZ provided a national benefit of NZ$15.5 million in 2022, with a historical benefit-cost ratio of 6254:1. Both figures remained large in sensitivity testing. Uncertainties remain concerning whether biocontrol caused all reductions in SJW, or whether SJW infestations were partially replaced by other weeds. Despite such caveats, benefits of SJW biocontrol to NZ appear huge and sustainable.

关键词： Anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction   Impella   cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging   reverse remodeling   intra-aortic balloon pumping  

摘要： BackgroundLate adverse myocardial remodeling after ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is strongly associated with cardiac death. Global Longitudinal strain (GLS) and circumferential diastolic strain rate (CDSR) derived cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is a powerful predictor of late myocardial remodeling. However, the Impella's effects on CMRI after STEMI are not fully *** design and methodsWe retrospectively compared the CMRI in the acute (18 [14-22] vs. 14 [6-22] days, p = 0.43) and chronic phases (118 [102-242] vs. 117 [101-202] days, p = 1.0) after anterior *** patients received Impella before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and seven underwent intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP). There were no significant differences in the peak creatine kinase levels (2595 [2069 -12,932] vs. 4372 [2941-5601] IU/L, p = 0.76) and LVEF upon admission (51 +/- 11 vs. 50 +/- 9%, p = 1.0). The Impella group had significantly better acute CMRI-derived LVEF (49 +/- 10 vs. 35 +/- 7%, p = 0.02) and CDSR (0.9 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.3 s- 1, p = 0.018). In the chronic phase, the CMRI-derived LVEF and GLS were significantly higher in the Impella group (54 +/- 9 vs. 39 +/- 5%, p = 0.01;-9.9 +/- 1.3 vs. -6.5 +/- 2.2%, p = 0.01).ConclusionsThe Impella implantation led to better LVEF and CDSR in the acute phase than IABP and better maintenance of both the LVEF and GLS through the chronic phase.

关键词： Acute Coronary Syndrome   Treatment Outcome   Coronary Artery Disease   Coronary Angiography   Cardiac Catheterization  

关键词： Corporate social irresponsibility   CEO   Narcissism   Power   Upper echelons theory   (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)   (sic)(sic)(sic)   (sic)(sic)   (sic)(sic)   (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)  

摘要： PurposeThe aim of this article is to highlight the major part played by executives in the escalation of corporate social irresponsibility (CSI). Based on the upper echelons theory, the authors developed a model which shows the essential role of CEOs in explaining CSI. The authors proposed that the key personality traits of CEOs-narcissism-, as well as their power, could explain the degree of ***/methodology/approachDue to the significant methodological challenges when investigating CSI, the authors explored a novel method for measuring CSI in order to assess the degree of irresponsible behaviors. The authors build a CSI scale based on the perceptions of key informants, i.e. experts with diverse professional backgrounds. The authors apply CSI scale in a sample of 84 Spanish companies that were involved in *** results of the authors' empirical study show the positive and significant influence of CEO narcissism and CEO power on the degree of *** limitations/implicationsOn the one hand, corporate irresponsibility scandals have relevant social consequences and practical implications. On the other hand, narcissism is a natural feature of managers in top positions that is increasing in *** implicationsThe authors' findings may help CEOs, TMTs and corporate boards to acknowledge potential sources of CSI decreasing its likelihood through counterbalancing CEO's power and considering the dark side of *** implicationsOn the one hand, corporate scandals have relevant social and practical implications. On the other hand, narcissism is a natural feature of managers in top positions that is increasing in ***/valueIn this paper, the authors highlight the role of CEOs characteristics and their firms as the key actors for explaining and understanding the degree of CSI. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic):(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(s

关键词： Klebsiella pneumoniae   CR-hvKP   mobile genetic elements   conjugation   fitness costs  

摘要： Sequence type (ST)11 carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) can cause life-threatening infections and is therefore of global concern. Despite its importance, the evolutionary history and mechanism for the emergence of ST11 CR-hvKP are unclear. In recent years, the detection rate of ST11 CR-hvKP has increased in a teaching hospital. Based on its clonal transmission, a conjugation experiment was performed between a hvKP strain AP8555 and a ST11 CRKP strain, resulting in two ST11 CR-hvKP strains. Research had confirmed that the virulence plasmid pAP855 was horizontally transferred to the CRKP strain to form the conjugant S270-Tc, which was recombined by mobile genetic elements to evolve into the conjugant S270-Tc-R. The S270-Tc-R had high virulence, high plasmid stability, and greater adaptability. Interestingly, it had high homology to clinically prevalent ST11 CR-hvKP strains using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). This is the first demonstration that plasmid recombination in vitro has led to the formation of ST11 CR-hvKP strains. The clinical setting is a multi-factorial and multi-selection pressure environment that may stimulate the evolution of conjugant strains in the transition period to local strains in the stable period, and surveillance is urgently needed for infection control.

关键词： C/EBP beta   lucicebtide   tumor associate macrophages (TAM)   M2-type macrophage   anti-pd 1 immunotherapy   ST101  

摘要： Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown unprecedented success in a subset of immunogenic tumors, however a host of patients with advanced solid tumors fail to respond well or at all to immunotherapy. Refractory tumors commonly display a tumor microenvironment (TME) rich in immunosuppressive macrophages (M2-like) that suppress adaptive immunity and promote tumor progression. The ability to reprogram macrophages in the TME into an immune-active state holds great promise for enhancing responses to ICIs. Lucicebtide (previously referred to as ST101) is a peptide antagonist of the transcription factor C/EBP beta, a key activator of the transcriptional program in immunosuppressive macrophages. Here we show that lucicebtide exposure reprograms human immunosuppressive M2-like macrophages to a pro-inflammatory M1-like phenotype, restores cytotoxic T cell activation in immunosuppressed co-culture assays in vitro, and further increases T-cell activity in M1-like/T cell co-cultures. In immunocompetent, macrophage-rich triple-negative breast and colorectal cancer models, lucicebtide induces repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to a pro-inflammatory M1-like phenotype and suppresses tumor growth. Lucicebtide synergizes with anti-PD-1 therapy and overcomes resistance to checkpoint inhibition in anti-PD-1-refractory tumors, but in vivo responses are impaired by systemic macrophage depletion, indicating that macrophage reprogramming is integral to lucicebtide activity. These results identify lucicebtide as a novel immunomodulator that reprograms immunosuppressive macrophage populations to enhance anti-tumor activity and suggests its utility for combination strategies in cancers with poor response to ICIs.