关键词： Acinetobacter baumannii   Aminoglycosides   armA   Extensively drug-resistant   Genomics   Carbapenems   MDR   Multidrug-resistant   MLST   Outbreak   Tigecycline   XDR  

摘要： Background: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRA) has rapidly increased and is linked to severe nosocomial infections. MDRA outbreaks in a Japanese hospital were analysed using whole-genome sequencing. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on clinical isolates from hospitalised patients before and during the 2009 and 2010 outbreaks. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted to identify acquired antibiotic-resistance genes and genetic mutations. Results: Clinical A. baumannii isolates were resistant to beta-lactams (broad-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems), aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. MDRA isolates harboured aac(6 ')-Ib-cr, abaF, armA, blaADC-30, blaTEM-1, and blaOXA-82, or both blaOXA-66 and blaOXA-23, catB8, mphE, msrE, and tet(B). blaOXA-82 genes were recombinationally multiplied. Quinolone resistance was also associated with gyrA S81L and parC S84L mutations. The MDRA isolates belonged to Oxford sequence type (ST) 208 and Pasteur ST2. Three of the 15 isolates developed an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype, and two isolates harboured an adeS mutation. Conclusions: We identified molecular resistance markers in three XDR and one MDR isolate and provided a genomic description of resistance and virulence, as well as the origins of the isolates. The isolates are closely related to MDRA Oxford ST208 and Pasteur ST2, identified in Asia and Australia. MDRA isolates are of concern in both hospital and community settings in the Western Pacific region. (c) 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Kara Sea   St. Anna Trough   Phytoplankton   Composition and abundance   Seasonal and spatial distribution   Modified Atlantic waters  

摘要： For the first time, seasonal changes in phytoplankton communities were described in the Kara Sea region, which is influenced by modified Atlantic water through the St. Anna Trough. The study focused on June, when the sea ice began to retreat, July after three weeks without sea ice, and September, when Siberian river discharge had a widespread surface impact. In all seasons, the structure of the phytoplankton community differed significantly on the outer shelf of the Kara Sea and the slope of the St. Anna Trough. This boundary was caused by changes in the hydrophysical structure and was located approximately at 76.5 N, with a width of about 20 km. The highest phytoplankton abundance, biomass and photosynthetic activity were observed on the outer Kara Sea shelf in the cold winter layer with temperature ranging from-1.7 to-0.5 degrees C and salinity ranging from 32.5 to 33.7. In June and July, the layer was located in conditions with sufficient underwater irradiance and nutrient supply. The integral abundance and biomass of algae differed 10-20 times between the outer shelf of the Kara Sea and the slope of the St. Anna Trough, where this layer was not present. In September, stratification on the Kara Sea shelf increased under the influence of pronounced river runoff, and the cold winter layer became thinner and deeper, with a significant decrease in phytoplankton abundance. Despite the high similarity (61-64 %) in species composition between the outer shelf and slope of St. Anna, there were differences in dominant species between the areas each month. In June the spring diatoms Chaetoceros socialis, Fragilariopsis spp. (F. cylindrus, F. oceanica) and Navicula pelagica mass developed on the Kara Sea outer shelf, while Phaeocystis pouchetii did on the slope of the St. Anna Trough. In July, resting spores of Chaetoceros socialis, as well as Apedinella radiance, and Choanoflagellates prevailed on the shelf, but Dicrateria sp. was the most abundant in the St. Anna Trough. I

关键词： percutaneous coronary interventionangiography   myocardial infarction  

摘要： The rapid restoration of blood flow in patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation through percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is crucial for the survival of this population. Attempts to decrease the time from diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to arrival at the catheterization laboratory have been extensively investigated. However, strategies during the procedure aiming to reduce the time to reperfusion are lacking. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate culprit vessel revascularization prior to complete angiography as a strategy to minimize delays in primary PCI for patients with STEMI. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central. Outcomes: vascular access-to-balloon, door-to-balloon, and first medical contact-to-balloon times;death, reinfarction in 30 days, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium >= 3 type, coronary artery bypass grafting referral, and left ventricular ejection fraction %. Statistical analysis was performed using the R program (version 4.3.2). Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics. We included 2050 patients from six studies, of which two were randomized controlled trials and four were observational studies. Culprit vessel revascularization prior to complete angiography was associated with a statistically significant decrease of times: vascular access-to-balloon time (mean difference -6.79 min;95% CI: -8.00 to -5.58;P < 0.01;I2 = 82%) and door-to-balloon time (mean difference -9.02 min;95% CI: -12.83 to -5.22;P < 0.01;I2 = 93%). In this meta-analysis, performing PCI on the culprit lesion prior to complete coronary angiography led to significantly shorter reperfusion times, with no discernible differences in complication rates. Copyright (c) 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： possibility   eternity of the world   cosmology   Thomas Aquinas   contemporary interpreters  

摘要： Regarding the topic of the eternity of the world, the following position is often attributed to St. Thomas Aquinas: that the world, in fact, had a beginning, but could have always existed. However, in none of Aquinas' texts can an explicit defense of the possibility of an eternal world be found. Nevertheless, at least two authors, John F. Wippel and Thomas Bukowski, offer a systematic defense in favor of such attribution. This paper argues for the opposite, namely, that it is inaccurate to attribute to Aquinas the claim that the world could have always existed. For this, the argumentation of the two aforementioned authors is reviewed step by step, and a counterargument for both is presented. The paper then turns to the distinction that Aquinas himself makes regarding the various senses of "possible" in article 14 of De potentia. This distinction is used to complement Giles of Rome's framework in order to provide greater clarity regarding Aquinas' precise stance on the possibility of an eternal world.

摘要： The inaugural industry forum on large language models in consumer technology (LLMCT), held during the 2025 43rd International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), highlighted the transformative impact of large language models (LLMs) on consumer technologies. As LLM capabilities advance at a rapid pace, they present both unprecedented opportunities and challenges for the consumer electronics industry.

关键词： Paternal Behavior   Childrearing   Housework   Punishment  

摘要： Background: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are listed by the World Health Organization as one of the critical priority pathogens needing urgent attention to address global resistance to antimicrobials. Thus, the transmission and epidemiology of CPEs need to be studied via One Health perspectives. Methods: An environmental CPE, referred to as BO1, was isolated from a creek in Northwest Iowa using a Colilert system (IDEXX, Westbrook, ME, USA). The presence of carbapenemase was examined using the modified carbapenem inactivation test, and then phenotypic resistance was determined using a Sensititre Complete Automated AST System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Roskilde, Denmark). Whole-genome sequencing was performed and analysed to compare with clinical CPEs. Results: BO1, carrying blaNDM-5 , was isolated from a creek in Northwest Iowa. BO1 exhibited resistance to 15 antimicrobials and was defined as an extensively drug-resistant organism. BO1 was also identified as ST167, which is well known as an emerging high-risk clone, and IncFIA- and IncQ1-type conjugatable plasmids were identified within the BO1 genome. The genetic environment of blaNDM-5 was highly conserved as blaNDM - bleMBL - trpF - dsbD in all strains studied. Interestingly, single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed that BO1 shared only 1, 4 and 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with three different clinical strains from patients at Iowa health care facilities. Conclusions: The occurrence of BO1 was temporally and spatially close to that of one clinical strain, IA0018, implying the clonal spread of CPEs among humans and the environment, although the source and directionality of this spread remains unknown. This report illustrates the need for the strict control of CPEs in health care facilities and continuous surveillance within clinical and environmental settings to trace and prevent CPE transmission. (c) 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society fo

关键词： BPH   Flupyrimin   Cross-resistance   Metabolic enzyme   P450 gene   CYP6AY1   RNAi  

摘要： The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (St & aring;l), is one of the most devastating and economically significant rice pests in Asia. Widespread application of chemical insecticides for controlling brown planthopper (BPH) has resulted in resistance to several insecticides leading to frequent control failures in the field. The newly introduced pyridylidene insecticide flupyrimin provided a novel tool to control BPH because of its unique target site and high selectivity. The present study examined the relative susceptibility of twenty-nine field populations of N. lugens to flupyrimin where most BPH strains exhibited negligible resistance levels (resistance ratio between 1.15 and 8.23-fold) compared to the Lab/Nlgn-WB strain. However, the field strain collected from Chhattisgarh (Rp-CG) showed moderate resistance to flupyrimin (48.63-fold). Following laboratory selection, a significant cross-resistance to clothianidin (26.18-fold) was observed in the flupyrimin-resistant (FPM-R) strain of BPH with a lack of cross-resistance to sulfoxaflor, triflumezopyrim, buprofezin, pymetrozine, and other tested neonicotinoids. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) significantly synergized the activity of flupyrimin (2.74-fold) in the FPM-R strain of N. lugens. Compared to the FPM-S strain, the P450 enzyme activity of the FPM-R strain of BPH was increased significantly (3.09-fold), and five P450 genes were overexpressed at mRNA level to >2.0-fold in the later strain. Besides, the knockdown of the highest upregulated (21.69-fold) CYP6AY1 gene by RNA interference (RNAi) remarkably increased the flupyrimin toxicity against BPH. The present results suggested that metabolic detoxification by the overexpression of CYP6AY1 could play a significant role in the resistance of N. lugens to flupyrimin. These findings will aid in formulating effective strategies for insecticide resistance management, contributing to the sustainable control of BPH in the field.

关键词： Depopulation policies   Effectiveness   Evaluation   Rural development  

摘要： Policies tackling rural depopulation are growing over the recent years and pose a significant challenge to policymakers and communities worldwide. This paper presents a systematic review of policy assessments aimed at mitigating rural depopulation. It encompasses 66 studies published since 2000. This is a highly atomized literature characterized by weak aggregate or comparative results and a lack of generalizability. Our analysis reveals that depopulation can be influenced by policies within four broad categories: social, fiscal, sectorial, and infrastructure. No single policy can independently halt depopulation in rural areas;rather, multiple policies addressing different aspects of the phenomenon are necessary for a successful outcome. Our findings have significant implications for policymakers seeking to address this complex socioeconomic and territorial challenge.

关键词： demographic transition   gravity model   income   trade  

摘要： The availability and composition of labor is fundamental for the structure of international trade. Key in this respect is the so-called demographic dividend, which is the potential economic growth stemming from low dependency ratios. We use the gravity model to link long-run changes of the demographic dividend to geographical changes in world trade for the 21st century. All our scenarios point towards the same conclusion: compared to the current situation, North America and Europe will no longer be the center of global trade in 2100 due to their aging populations. In contrast, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa will experience a substantial increase in their share of world trade, while the impact of the demographic drag facing China will be most pronounced after 2050;its share in world trade will decline significantly. Overall, our results point towards the under-studied, yet important role of past and future demographic developments in generating demographic dividends that shape world trade.