关键词： Supercapacitors   Batteries   Electrodes   Nanomaterials   Bibliometric  

摘要： The review article presents recent advances in the study and application of borophene, a two-dimensional (2D) material composed of boron atoms, highlighting its potential for energy technologies. Borophene has exceptional properties, such as high electrical conductivity, mechanical strength and thermal stability, surpassing other 2D materials, such as graphene. These characteristics make it promising for supercapacitors, lithium-ion and sodium batteries, sensors, catalysis and hydrogen storage applications. The study addresses borophene synthesis methods, including techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD), and discusses its electronic, optical, mechanical and thermal properties. The bibliometric analysis carried out reveals a significant growth in borophene research between 2014-2023, with important contributions from countries such as China, the United States and India. The research also identifies knowledge gaps and future trends, such as the need to improve the stability and scalability of borophene production. Furthermore, the paper explores specific applications of borophene, such as its use in hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), solar cells and energy storage. Borophene demonstrates high efficiency as a catalyst in HER and potential to improve the efficiency of solar cells and batteries. However, challenges such as oxidation and synthesis complexity still need to be overcome to make its large-scale application feasible. The paper concludes that borophene is a promising material for the next generation of energy technologies, with the potential to contribute significantly to energy sustainability.

关键词： History of medicine   Racism in medicine   Structural racism   Health disparities   Delivery of healthcare   91 Cxx  

摘要： Discrepancies in healthcare outcomes and quality of treatment between White people and people of color are known and statistically relevant in the USA. The possible root causes of this issue, however, are not discussed enough, further enhancing an unequal access to proper healthcare and not acknowledging the role of racism and White supremacy in the consolidation of the medical field in the country. This article used discourse and document analysis to understand the role in which racism and narratives regarding Black bodies during the consolidation of medicine and gynecology had in the USA during the nineteenth century to create discrepancies in access and quality of care for Black patients today. The findings suggest that the dehumanizing narratives of Black patients in the past still impact the quality of care, creating higher mortality rates, worse prognosis, and lack of proper pain management, reinforcing health disparities.

关键词： sperm donation   sperm   andrology   ethics   donor conception   cryopreservation   psychology  

关键词： sports nutrition   functional products   bioactive compounds   green technology  

摘要： A unique isotonic sports drink (ISD) was created in this study using a pilot-scale short-wave ultraviolet light (UV-C, 892 mJ/cm2, 20 °C) assisted by mild heat (UV-C/H, 534 mJ/cm2, 50 °C), which was followed by the addition of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract (YME). Consumer perception and microbiological and physicochemical stability during refrigerated storage (4 °C/23 d) were assessed for the ISD. Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (AA) spores and cocktails of yeasts and Escherichia coli were considerably inactivated by UV-C/H. The TEM and SEM micrographs showed that AA evidenced sustained severe structural damage. Furthermore, UV-C/H completely inactivated the native microbiota, while YME incorporation increased the initial aerobic mesophilic and mold-and-yeast populations by 0.48 and 0.70 log cycles, remaining stable during storage. YME addition enhanced total polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity by 2.7–3.7, 16.5–16.7 and 6.6–24.0 times compared to the untreated ISD and ISD-UVC/H samples. Except for sedimentation and turbidity, the other physical characteristics mostly did not change (going from 1494 ± 382 to 2151 ± 106 NTU). The initial 5-HMF value in the ISD was raised by UV-C/H treatment and YME addition. Notwithstanding, it stayed below the allowed threshold throughout storage. ISD-UVC/H+YME had a high overall acceptability score; 60% of panelists gave the drink a score of seven or higher. Additionally, the herbal taste of YME was well liked, and its bitterness was perceived as mild. These findings suggest that including YME and the UV-C/H treatment can produce an ISD of superior quality with distinct sensory attributes.