关键词： 人工智能   AI新创企业   最优区分   场景驱动创新   资源编排   新质生产力  

摘要： 培育具有竞争力的人工智能（AI）企业，已成为落实“人工智能+”战略，加快发展新质生产力的关键。但相较于一般新创企业，AI新创企业处于新兴场域，且面临着数据资源获取难、算力基础设施缺乏、算法基础研究薄弱等新兴困境，更容易陷入短期内合法性难获取、中长期独特性难建构从而制约其持续发展的“创业魔咒”。最优区分理论为AI新创企业“求同存异”突破困境提供新视角，但鲜有学者关注AI新创企业实现最优区分、持续发展的机理。同时，由ChatG PT引发的新一轮AI大模型创业方兴未艾，但多数AI新创企业面临大模型能力复用差、场景应用能力弱、自我造血能力缺失等瓶颈，关键在于没有面向真实场景开展资源编排，难以驱动多元创新要素与情境要素整合共融，从而制约企业获取合法性与建构独特性。本文以典型的场景驱动型AI新创企业微言科技为例，通过纵向单案例研究发现：场景驱动助力AI新创企业实现最优区分、持续发展的动态过程经历了单场景探索、多场景并行和跨场景协同三个阶段，最优区分机制相应地由补偿协奏到耦合协奏并向裂变协奏演化。在最优区分实现过程中，AI新创企业面向特定场景有效编排资源，遵循“拼凑资源探索典型场景—捆绑资源拓展场景链—撬动资源构建场景生态”的演进规律，能推动资源向能力快速转化。本文揭示了AI新创企业如何应用场景驱动策略实现最优区分的动态过程机理，拓展了最优区分理论的应用边界，丰富了场景驱动创新与资源编排研究，为AI新创企业破解“创业魔咒”和国家加快“人工智能+”行动落地提供启示。

关键词： Dinuclear complex   Electrocatalysis   HER   WOR   First-row transition metal  

摘要： The growing interest in renewable energy sources has led to a significant focus on artificial photosynthesis as a means of converting solar energy into lucrative and energy-dense carbonaceous fuels. First-row transition metals have thus been brought to light in the search for efficient and high-performance homogenous molecule catalysts that can accelerate energy transformation and reduce overpotentials during the catalytic process. Their dinuclear complexes have opportunities to enhance the efficiency and stability of these molecular catalysts, primarily for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and water oxidation reaction (WOR). Recently, our group improved the catalytic activity, efficiencies, and stability of dinuclear molecular catalysts, particularly toward HER. Although one dinuclear complex has been tested for WOR, it demonstrated activity as water oxidation precatalysts. First-row transition metals are a great option for sustainable catalysis because they are readily available, reasonably priced, and have multifaceted coordination chemistry. Examples of these metals are cobalt, copper, and manganese. The structure-catalytic performance relationships of this first-row transition metal-based dinuclear catalysts are noteworthily interpreted in this account, providing avenues for optimizing their performance and advancing the development of sustainable and effective energy conversion technologies.

关键词： 服务贸易   创新发展试点   制造企业   高质量发展   双重差分法  

摘要： ]助力制造企业优化升级、提升制造企业的发展质量和水平，是当前在推动经济高质量发展过程中面临的重大课题。本文结合2008—2022年间的中国沪深A股上市企业数据库，运用双重差分法，实证检验了服务贸易创新发展试点对制造企业高质量发展的影响效果。结论表明：试点对制造企业高质量发展具有显著正向影响；不同的地区、企业规模、股权性质、技术水平的制造企业呈现出明显异质性。机制检验发现，试点主要通过提升企业管理效率、优化企业人力资本结构、增强企业技术创新能力等渠道来推动制造企业高质量发展。基于此，建议继续增强试点政策的示范引领作用，试点政策推进要因地、因企制宜，全面拓宽技术创新功能发挥的空间。

摘要： Mountain permafrost, constituting 30% of the global permafrost area, is sensitive to climate change and strongly impacts mountain ecosystems and communities. This study examines 21st century permafrost warming in European mountains using decadal ground temperature data from sixty-four boreholes in the Alps, Scandinavia, Iceland, Sierra Nevada and Svalbard. During 2013-2022, warming rates at 10 metres depth exceed 1 degrees C dec-1 in cases, generally surpassing previous estimates because of accelerated warming and the use of a comprehensive data set. Substantial permafrost warming occurred at cold and ice-poor bedrock sites at high elevations and latitudes, at rates comparable to surface air temperature increase. In contrast, latent heat effects in ice-rich ground near 0 degrees C reduce warming rates and mask important changes of mountain permafrost substrates. The warming patterns observed are consistent across all sites, depths and time periods. For the coming decades, the propagation of permafrost warming to greater depths is largely predetermined already.