关键词： Green fluidized bed granulation   Moisture activated dry granulation   Manufacturability   Disintegration  

摘要： The Green fluidized bed granulation (GFBG) technology is based on the moisture activated dry granulation (MADG) technique and consists only of a mixing and a spraying process using a fluidized bed granulator, requiring no heating process. This provides a less energy-consuming and environment-friendly granulation method compared to current fluidized bed granulation (FBG) and high-shear granulation (HSG) methods. The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the manufacturability, and granule and tablet properties among GFBG, MADG, FBG and HSG. The GFBG process time took less than 20 min for producing final blends at a 700 g scale, which was comparable to MADG. This process time was significantly shorter than that of FBG and HSG. GFBG not only had the shortest process time but also reduced the number of manufacturing machines compared to FBG and HSG. The Hausner ratio (HR) of granules from GFBG (1.30) indicated a good flowability, and no problems were observed in the tablet mass variability during compression. Tablets produced using GFBG achieved sufficient tensile strength ( > 1.5 MPa) even at a low compression force and demonstrated the fastest disintegration time compared to the other manufacturing methods. Tablet disintegration is related to wettability and porosity, therefore the tablet wettability (initial and capillary wetting) and tablet porosity were investigated. As a result, the capillary wetting of the tablets produced using GFBG was 3.6 times higher than the tablets produced using FBG, which might have affected the fast disintegration of the tablets produced using GFBG.

关键词： 幂律流体   撞击式射流   破碎模式   破碎长度   表面波长  

摘要： 基于自行搭建的射流系统和定容弹系统,采用高速摄影技术,获得了高环境压力下幂律流体对称撞击式射流的喷雾形貌,提取了射流特征参数破碎长度L与表面波长λ,研究了环境参数(环境压力)、射流参数(韦伯数We)、结构参数(喷孔直径)与物性参数(流体黏度)对射流破碎的影响.结果表明:幂律流体对称撞击式射流共有封闭边界模式、开边界模式、无边界模式、弓形液线模式和完全发展模式共5种破碎模式;在大气环境压力下,L随着We的增加呈"双峰"模式变化;而在有环境压力的情况下,L与We则呈"单峰"模式变化;与大气环境压力相比,高环境压力更有利于幂律流体对称撞击式射流破碎;而喷孔直径与流体黏度的增大均不利于撞击式射流破碎.提出了预测幂律流体对称撞击射流破碎表面波长的破碎模型.

关键词： 地下水   环境监测   U型管   取样技术   气液分离  

摘要： 在能源与废弃物地下储存及地下水环境评估与污染治理等领域,为了对地下水环境进行三维高精度连续监测,中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所开发了一种基于U型管原理的地下流体多层取样和监测装置。介绍了这种基于U型管原理的气体推动式取样装置,并与国内外多种同类型的取样技术进行对比。共开发出3种不同型号的流体取样装置,经过多次场地试验和工程检验,验证了该浅层U型管监测装备是一种性能可靠、运行稳定的浅部地层(0～200 m)取样监测设备。作为地下水环境监测平台,浅层U型管监测系统可以进行技术集成化改进并进一步增加其应用深度,后期开发前景和应用前景广阔。

关键词： Combustion   minimum fluidization velocity   MSW   particle size   pressure  

摘要： A steady-state Aspen Plus model of municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion has been developed to simulate the influence of operating conditions and hydrodynamic parameters on the concentrations of air pollutants and performance indicators. To simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics, a FORTRAN subroutine was coupled to Aspen Plus software. Model validated against the experimental data is available in the literature and found to be in good agreement. Results showed that the operating pressure has a negligible influence on gas composition and performance indicators, but it plays a major role in the commercialization of thermal conversion of carbon-based fuels due to a significant reduction in the capital costs. It was also concluded that as the U-mf increases from 1.2 to 2.5, the concentrations of pollutants released increase, probably due to a considerable decrease in the rate of reactions involved, especially at the end of combustor.

关键词： 物流网络   空间布局   回收处理   废旧手机  

摘要： 由于我国缺乏高效回收废旧手机的商业模式,大部分废弃手机随意处置、自行拆解,造成了资源浪费和环境污染的"双重压力",因此文章建立单周期性空间能力约束的混合整数规划模型,通过利用LINGO11.0优化软件对北京地区线下回收门店S1、再制造中心S2、冶炼企业S3进行空间布局设计,其目的是在互联网环境下构建有效的废旧手机逆向物流系统,并在此基础上探究影响其系统的四种因素,以期为回收利用企业提出优势策略。

关键词： 多品种小批量   精益生产   准时制   车间物流  

摘要： 多品种小批量生产环境下,零部件种类繁多,产品生产周期不一致,物流、信息流复杂多变,生产流程多样化,变化较大.为在多品种小批量生产环境下实现准时制精益生产模式,本文通过研究多品种小批量生产环境下的物流特性,分析定点制造型车间物流的现状与需求基础,建立了一套适合于多品种小批量生产环境下的车间物流系统.

关键词： 工程流体力学   环境工程   本科教学   课程改革  

摘要： 《工程流体力学》是大多数院校环境工程专业本科教学的重要选修课程之一。本文以环境专业《工程流体力学》本科教学为研究对象,剖析传统教学中存在的问题和弊端,从教学内容、教学方法与教学实践三个方面,提出了新形势下课程改革建设方案,通过改革课程框架、优化教学方法、建立教学合作等具体实施,完善了教学大纲、创建了形式多元,内容丰富的全新教学模式。最后通过期末试卷分数统计、调查问卷等途径,分析了实际教学改革中所取得的初步成效。

关键词： Marine geology   Geophysics   Geology   Oceanography  

摘要： Subduction zones are areas of tectonic plate collision that produce associated earthquakes and destructive tsunamis and, in addition, provide a link between the atmosphere and ocean. Mapping the thermal and fluid circulation of an active subduction zone can advance our understanding of subduction zone dynamics and fluid budgets, important in understanding global chemical fluxes and the carbon cycle. By exploring the intertwined nature of both the thermal and fluid environment, a more complete picture of the governing processes can be established. The overarching goal of this thesis is to map the thermal and fluid environment within the Cascadia Subduction zone offshore Southern Washington State. Eleven recently collected multi-channel seismic (MCS) profiles from the 2012 Cascadia Open-Access Seismic Transect (COAST) experiment offshore Washington State were used to characterize the distribution of bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) from seaward of the deformation front onto the continental shelf of the Cascadia Subduction Zone. From these MCS profiles, we generated a 3-D view of the Cascadia margin thermal structure by interpreting 40,232 individual BSR data points in terms of temperature and heat flow. Localized differences between BSR heat flow and numerical models reflect an estimated regional mean upward fluid flow of 0.53 cm yr-1 for the survey area, with localized fluid flow approaching a maximum of 3.8 cm yr-1. At the deformation front, the incoming oceanic sediment/crust interface temperatures vary between 164°C to 179°C, indicating the up-dip limit of the Cascadia seismogenic zone. Seafloor heat flow data provides valuable insight into seafloor and subseafloor fluid and geological processes. Thus, understanding the uncertainties associated with heat flow instruments is essential to the interpretation of acquired data. While there have been studies of various instruments’ ability to accurately capture the necessary elements of a heat flow measurement, a

关键词： 电子商务  

ISBN: (纸本)9787569235777

摘要： 现代信息技术的飞速发展加快了物流业的信息化改造，催生了现代化、信息化、国际化的新型物流业。本书以黑龙江省电子商务物流发展为例，分析了黑龙江省电子商务物流的现状及其应对策略。从中俄跨境电子商务物流、黑龙江省农村电子商务物流等方面来阐述电子商务物流为黑龙江的经济发展带来的改变。

关键词： 多元热流体   N80钢   温度   CO2腐蚀   O2腐蚀   腐蚀产物膜特征  

摘要： 目前,我国已探明海洋稠油地质储量占海洋原油总储量的70.2%,由于稠油具有粘度高,渗流阻力大等特点,常规注水、注CO等采油手段难以有效运行。近几年国家大力推广的注多元热流体吞吐技术有望成为稠油油藏开采的主要手段,注入的多元热流体主要由高温高压水蒸气、CO、N及少量O等构成。这种高温高压CO与O共存的环境比传统的CO环境腐蚀更为苛刻,极易导致油管发生腐蚀失效,限制了注多元热流体吞吐技术的发展。本文以常用油井管管材N80钢为实验材料,在高温高压釜中进行了多元热流体环境中的腐蚀模拟实验。利用SEM,XRD和EDS等现代表面分析技术,系统研究了CO-HO(l))环境中氧气和组织、CO-O-HO(g))环境和CO-O-HO(l))环境中温度对N80钢腐蚀行为的影响。主要研究结果如下:(1)N80-1钢(铁素体-珠光体)和N80-Q钢(回火索氏体)在CO-O-HO(l))环境中的平均腐蚀速率均远远高于CO-HO(l))环境中的平均腐蚀速率,可见CO和O共存环境对N80钢腐蚀性更强。在CO-HO(l))环境中,两种钢的腐蚀产物均呈单层膜结构,其主要成分为(Fe Ca Mg)CO和FeO。在CO-O-HO(l))环境中,两种钢的腐蚀产物均呈三层膜结构,外层膜为FeO,中间腐蚀膜为FeO和Fe CO的混合物,内层膜为FeO。在CO-HO(l))和CO-O-HO(l))两种环境中,N80-Q钢的平均腐蚀速率均低于N80-1钢的平均腐蚀速率,说明回火索氏体组织具有更好的耐蚀性。(2)在150℃～240℃的CO-O-HO(g))环境中,N80-Q钢的腐蚀产物均呈双层膜结构,内外两层腐蚀产物均为FeO,外层腐蚀产物膜疏松多孔,内层腐蚀产物致密完整,可见保护作用主要取决于内层膜。随温度升高,内层膜厚度逐渐增大,腐蚀速率逐渐降低。另外,温度对外层腐蚀膜影响较为明显:150℃时,外层腐蚀产物是一层疏松多孔的FeO;180℃时,外层腐蚀产物由疏松多孔的FeO和鳞片状FeO构成;当温度高于180℃时,外层腐蚀产物仅由鳞片状FeO构成。在180℃～240℃温度范围内,鳞片状FeO致密度随温度升高而增大。(3)在CO-O-HO(l))环境中,N80-Q钢的腐蚀速率随温度变化规律较为复杂:60℃～150℃时,腐蚀速率逐渐降低;150℃～180℃时,腐蚀速率小幅升高;180℃～240℃时,腐蚀速率又降低。在90℃和120℃条件下,N80-Q钢发生局部腐蚀,其他温度条件下均表现为典型的全面腐蚀形态。腐蚀产物结构特征及成分组成随温度变化规律为:60～120℃时,腐蚀产物均为双层膜结构,其中,60℃时的外层腐蚀产物为疏松易脱落的铁的氧化物,内层腐蚀膜为致密性较差的(Fe Ca)CO,90℃和120℃时的外层腐蚀产物由(Fe Ca)CO和铁的氧化物组成,该腐蚀产物致密性较差,且有大量球形凸起附着在试样表面,内层腐蚀产物为铁的氧化物,其底部有明显的Cl离子富集现象;150℃～210℃时,腐蚀产物均呈三层膜结构,内层膜均为FeO,外层膜与中间腐蚀膜在不同温度条件下略有不同,其中,150℃时的外层膜为FeO和Fe CO的混合物,中间腐蚀膜为致密的Fe CO,180℃和210℃时的外层膜均为FeO,中间腐蚀膜为疏松的FeO和Fe CO的混合物;240℃时,腐蚀产物为单层膜结构,由致密性较好的FeO组成。