摘要： Hydrodynamic data is used as input data for many different models such as morphological models. The two main sources of flow velocity data that are currently used are buoys and coastal shelf models. Buoys have the disadvantage that they lack spatial resolution, and hence the spatial variation in the flow velocities is not taken into account. Coastal shelf models have the disadvantage that the models are calibrated on water levels, causing there to be an overestimation of 0.2 up to 0.6 m/s of the flow velocity predictions, while the accuracy of a hydrodynamic model should be within ±0.2 m/s. A possible solution to both problems is making use of ship-based flow velocity measurements, made while the ship is sailing. These measurements vary both in space and time and therefore have a higher spatial resolution than buoy measurements. Furthermore, previous studies showed that the accuracy of these measurements is within 0.04 m/s and hence an improvement on coastal shelf models. The Netherlands Hydrographic Service of the Royal Netherlands Navy has mounted a Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) on one of their ships and has made such measurements. However, no methods are currently available to deal will flow velocity data that have both a temporal and spatial variation. In this study, the first steps are taken in the development of such a method. A data set has been provided, containing four days of DVL measurements made near the Dutch coast. To make use of these measurements, first, the possible errors in the measurements are identified. First of all, the clock of the DVL and the software in the ship are not synchronized, causing the corrections for the heading and the pitch and roll to be applied at the wrong moment. This means that the moment the ship is turning should not be taken into account. Furthermore, the top layer of the water column is affected by the turbulence caused by the ship and the bottom layer by the side lobes of the DVL, meaning that both layers should not be t

摘要： The application of microfluidics in the field of surface-based assays and more specifically, the spatial molecular profiling of tumor tissues has gained a lot of interest, especially with the increased interest in personalized medicine and targeted therapy. During a static incubation of the immunoreaction reagents with the tissue section, the reagents begin to adsorb and bind to the target epitopes on the tissue sample. However, the laminar fluid flow associated with the small dimensions of microfluidic systems and the domination of the diffusional mass transport of reagents can limit their transport to the tissue. Furthermore, during the reaction time, a depletion region is formed around the target area with a much lower abundance of the reagent. At this point, the reaction rate becomes limited due to the scarcity of the detection reagents and their diffusion-limited transport, which can lead to very lengthy experiments. Moreover, uniform staining of the tissue plays an important role in the analysis, since it ensures that all relevant antigen epitopes on the tissue are equally exposed to the detection reagents, thereby enhancing the signal contrast and facilitating quantifiable *** the current work, we have investigated and integrated two microfluidic mixing techniques, including AC electrothermal flow (ACET), and acoustofluidic mixing (AF). First, we report a novel ACET electrode design concept for generating in-plane microfluidic mixing vortices that act over a large volume and close to the reaction surface of interest. This is different from the traditional ACET parallel electrode design that provides rather local vertical mixing vortices directly above the electrodes. As a proof of concept, the new design has been used in ACET-enhanced immunoassays to improve the immunostaining signal of the HER2 cancer biomarker (Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) on breast cancer cells. We have achieved a 6-times enhancement in the assay signal with a 75% red

关键词： 课程思政   模式创新   树木树人  

摘要： 将课程思政贯穿到高等教育教学中,可以实现全程、全方位育人,符合南京林业大学树木树人的教书育人目的。基于此,通过将课程思政内容加入到相对枯燥的《环境流体力学》课程中,从国家层面、社会层面、个人层面,让学生从更高维度理解该课程的意义,夯实教学成效。这样,不仅仅使学生形成良好的思维习惯,掌握环境工程专业该有的专业素养,更能够培养学生形成良好的三观,实现无形中树木树人的目的。

关键词： 多元热流体   CO_(2)/O_(2)腐蚀   腐蚀产物   N80钢   13Cr钢  

摘要： 采用高温高压反应釜进行模拟腐蚀试验,探究了油井管材料N80钢和13Cr钢在不同温度和O_(2)分压下多元热流体环境中的腐蚀行为;通过失重法评价了材料的腐蚀速率,并结合激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等测试方法,分析了两种材料腐蚀速率及腐蚀产物的变化规律。结果表明:当温度超过180℃时,两种材料的腐蚀速率均随温度的升高而增大,腐蚀产物中有Fe_(3)O_(4)生成;而随着O_(2)分压的升高,腐蚀产物逐渐由FeCO_(3)转变为Fe_(3)O_(4),两种材料的腐蚀速率均增大;当O_(2)分压达到0.2 MPa以上时,腐蚀产物全部转变为Fe_(3)O_(4),均匀腐蚀和局部腐蚀加重。

关键词： 地下流体观测   场地环境干扰   干扰特征   赤峰地区  

摘要： 赤峰地区地球物理观测手段中,地下流体是重要的一项前兆观测手段。赤峰地震监测中心站地下流体观测手段包括静水位、浅层水温及痕量汞。以赤峰静水位、浅层水温为主要研究对象,结合赤峰地震监测中心站地质背景、水文条件及赤峰地下水位观测井孔信息为背景资料,以水位水温变化机理为理论依托,结合赤峰水位水温观测井周边环境变化等情况进行调查,通过对干扰事件时间、频次、异常阶段性分析对水位水温场地环境干扰特征进行分析,旨在排除干扰,提高形变观测质量,为其他地区形变观测干扰识别提供参考,为地下流体观测积累研究资料。

关键词： 玄武岩鳞片   有机涂层   深海环境   防腐性能  

摘要： 片状阻挡型无机填料可显著延长腐蚀介质在有机涂层中的扩散路径,被广泛应用于海洋防腐涂层领域。然而,在深海环境压力-流体耦合作用下,涂层中填料/树脂界面薄弱处往往因应力集中而导致涂层开裂。针对该问题,本工作选取玄武岩鳞片作为实验对象,根据其结构特性采用化学刻蚀方法在鳞片表面形成微结构;随后利用硅烷偶联剂改性玄武岩鳞片,降低了填料的表面能。通过以上处理可明显改善填料在有机树脂中的润湿性,增强了填料与树脂的界面结合能力。涂层失效行为结果表明,刻蚀-改性后玄武岩与树脂相容性好,偶联剂分子又参与涂层固化而进一步增加了涂层与填料间的界面结合力。实验进行240 h后,改性玄武岩环氧(EMB/E)涂层的阻抗模值(|Z|_(0.01 Hz))比未改性玄武岩(B/E)涂层的高一个数量级。玄武岩有机防腐涂层有效降低了压力-流体耦合环境对填料/涂层界面的劣化作用,在深海环境中可表现出更好的防护性能。

关键词： 大跨度开敞体育场馆   建筑风驱雨   计算流体动力学   欧拉多相流模型   雨水轨迹   雨水捕获率  

摘要： 实际大气边界层近地面风驱雨效应会影响开敞体育场建筑外立面挡雨设计和观众看台舒适性,在方案设计阶段应用计算流体力学技术可以为该类建筑挡雨设计提供分析支撑。采用欧拉-欧拉多相流计算模型,针对实际开敞大跨悬挑体育场馆建筑开展了风雨环境三维数值模拟分析,重点研究了不同等级风力和主导风向对悬挑屋盖建筑外立面风驱雨强度特征影响,分析了不同粒径雨滴风驱雨作用下观众看台区域的等效覆雨面积指标。研究表明,考虑风驱雨作用后体育场馆看台区域的雨滴捕获率可达到1.2,超过仅考虑垂直降雨的雨滴捕获率;风向和风力等级对体育场馆观众看台的风驱雨强度分布规律影响较大,而降雨强度对观众看台位置的单位降雨量雨滴捕获率影响较小;建议在方案设计阶段通过风驱雨数值分析方法评估主导风向风速下建筑风驱雨强度,同时评估最不利风向的建筑遭受的整体单位时间降水量。研究可为同类型体育场馆建筑抗风雨设计提供相关技术参考。

摘要： Migration within and between tissues is indispensable for T cell function. Naïve T cells must survey secondary lymphoid organs for their cognate antigen, and activated T cells traffic to sites of infection. Upon arrival into tissues, T cells traverse heterogenous microarchitectures dense with cells. Active matter physics, which studies the phenomena arising from large groups of moving particles, such as pedestrian traffic, demonstrates a phase transition from faster "fluid" motion to a "solid" state as density increases, with crowds reaching a jamming state that prevents motion. This holds true for cells studied, including epithelial cells growing in a monolayer where jamming may be key to preventing unwanted cellular extrusion. This however begs the question: how do T cells remain motile even in crowds?We imaged T cells in one-dimensional microchannels to investigate whether they also experience jamming at increased cell densities. We found that T cells maintained rapid speeds regardless of cell density. To determine whether this was a T cell-specific effect or generalizable to other immune cells, we repeated our experiments with neutrophils. In contrast to T cells, neutrophils slowed with increased cell density and moved minimally in tight crowds. Additionally, our research suggested that T cell crowding may aid in the navigation of tight spaces. We found that in microfluidic devices with constrictions, groups of T cells were better able to traverse these obstacles than singlet cells. Our data suggests that T cells have evolved strategies to maintain fluid motion even in crowded microenvironments, and that these adaptations contribute to their effector capabilities in diverse tissues of the body.

关键词： 近红外光谱分析   气相色谱   油基泥浆污染率   污染率校正  

摘要： 东海自2019年开始采用油基泥浆钻井液体系来提高低孔渗储层流体评价,通过1年的地层测试作业验证,效果突出。然而在油基泥浆环境下烃类物质和油基白油相似相溶,对地层流体产生了污染,油藏流体性质无法获取;本文通过案例分析,首次基于白油实验提出饱和烃色谱的烃组分单参数与多参数污染率计算模型,经验证该方法评价的结果与其他方法一致;其次,首次揭示了井下光谱分析地层流体污染率与饱和烃气相色谱污染率差异大的原因,并对污染率差异大的数据点,提出采用饱和烃特征峰面积法计算得到的污染率来校正井下光谱计算的污染率;进一步提高油基钻井液环境下地层流体污染率的评价精度。这项技术方法可以应用到后期的勘探工作中,提高流体识别及地层流体污染率的精度与准确度。

关键词： 地球科学   地质灾害   地质作用   主控因素   成藏特征   矿产资源   环境灾害   地震预测  

摘要： 基于第八届流体地球科学与矿产资源及环境灾害学术研讨会的主要交流成果,从侧面综述了近几年地质流体的形成演化与矿产资源的富集分布及环境灾害研究进展和发展趋势。从深部地质作用与矿产资源,地质流体研究的物理化学技术,流体地球化学特征与地震活动,地热资源的赋存特征和发展现状,地质资源的成藏特征、主控因素以及富集规律,流体地球科学与地理自然环境等6个方面对本次学术研讨会主要交流成果进行了总结。结果表明:①油气和矿产资源的生成和演化机制、富集和运移机制以及勘探和开发技术的发展依然是目前流体地球科学领域研究的重点,且研究内容也更加注重资源产生和演化的历史与机制;②利用多样化且更精确的新技术对地质条件更加复杂、埋藏更深及勘探和开采难度更大的新领域进行拓展研究是当前的主要趋势;③目前中国极端自然灾害风险的不确定性受全球气候变化等自然、经济、社会因素的影响,表现出增长趋势,破坏性地震正处于频发时期,自然灾害的突发性、异常性和复杂性同时也表现出增长趋势,因此,提升中国自然灾害防治能力刻不容缓。