关键词： Anesthesia   Artificial intelligence   Decision-making  

摘要： The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in perioperative anesthesia decision-making is becoming a research hotspot, particularly in anesthesia risk assessment, depth of anesthesia monitoring, and postoperative recovery management, where it demonstrates significant potential. AI technologies, especially machine learning and deep learning, have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in processing and analyzing high-dimensional complex data. By leveraging these technologies, it is possible to efficiently interpret vast amounts of intricate clinical data, thereby providing anesthesiologists with personalized and precise decision support. However, implementing AI technologies in clinical practice faces numerous challenges, mainly including data quality, algorithm interpretability, and technological compatibility. Furthermore, concerns surrounding data privacy and ethical considerations urgently need to be addressed to ensure that the application of AI technologies aligns with clinical ethics and legal standards. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of AI technologies, their applications in perioperative anesthesia decision-making, existing limitations, and future directions. The goal is to offer insights into clinical anesthesia practice and to promote the realization of personalized precision anesthesia. © 2025 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House ***. All rights reserved.

关键词： 食管肿瘤   人工智能辅助细胞学   食管新型细胞收集器   胃镜   诊断价值  

摘要： 目的探讨人工智能辅助细胞学在食管癌及癌前病变中的诊断价值。方法选取2021年6月21日至2022年5月12日在包头医学院第二附属医院就诊拟行内镜检查的门诊患者，予以人工智能辅助细胞学及无痛胃镜检查（需要时加行窄带光成像及活组织病理）（以下简称胃镜检查），比较两者食管癌及癌前病变检出率。以胃镜检查为标准，计算人工智能辅助细胞学诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值等，验证其诊断效能。结果根据纳排标准，共入组849例患者，人工智能辅助细胞学共发现食管病变365例，总病变检出率为42.99%；食管癌、癌前病变及非典型鳞状细胞增生检出100例，检出率为11.78%。胃镜检查共发现食管病变281例，总病变检出率为33.10%；食管癌及癌前病变检出80例，检出率为9.42%。人工智能辅助细胞学诊断食管癌及癌前病变的敏感度和特异度分别为81.25%（65/80）和95.45%（734/769），阳性预测值为65.00%（65/100），阴性预测值为98.00%（734/749），人工智能辅助细胞学诊断食管癌及癌前病变的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.785。结论人工智能辅助细胞学诊断食管癌及癌前病变的敏感度和特异度均较高，对食管癌及癌前病变有较好的诊断效能。