关键词： aggregation   central-place foraging   competition space   overlap   partition  

摘要： Understanding the determinants of species' distributions is a fundamental aim in ecology and a prerequisite for conservation but is particularly challenging in the marine environment. Advances in bio-logging technology have resulted in a rapid increase in studies of seabird movement and distribution in recent years. Multi-colony studies examining the effects of intra- and inter-colony competition on distribution have found that several species exhibit inter-colony segregation of foraging areas, rather than overlapping distributions. These findings are timely given the increasing rate of human exploitation of marine resources and the need to make robust assessments of likely impacts of proposed marine developments on biodiversity. Here we review the occurrence of foraging area segregation reported by published tracking studies in relation to the density-dependent hinterland (DDH) model, which predicts that segregation occurs in response to inter-colony competition, itself a function of colony size, distance from the colony and prey distribution. We found that inter-colony foraging area segregation occurred in 79% of 39 studies. The frequency of occurrence was similar across the four seabird orders for which data were available, and included species with both smaller (10-100 km) and larger (100-1000 km) foraging ranges. Many predictions of the DDH model were confirmed, with examples of segregation in response to high levels of inter-colony competition related to colony size and proximity, and enclosed landform restricting the extent of available habitat. Moreover, as predicted by the DDH model, inter-colony overlap tended to occur where birds aggregated in highly productive areas, often remote from all colonies. The apparent prevalence of inter-colony foraging segregation has important implications for assessment of impacts of marine development on protected seabird colonies. If a development area is accessible from multiple colonies, it may impact those colonies much

关键词： Environmental impact assessment (EIA)   Folchi method   Fuzzy Delphi method   Shahrood cement plant  

摘要： Environmental concern has become one of the major global issues that affect all nations individually and/or collectively. One of the most important methods for environmental impact assessment (EIA) is Folchi method. An improvement for Folchi method in EIA is done in this paper by using fuzzy method. A fuzzy expert semi-quantitative methodology is designed to assess the EIA within the Folchi framework. The proposed fuzzy method has the advantage of allowing consideration of uncertainties in the Folchi method in comparison with classic expert semi-quantitative method that only unique codes are used to quantify the effect of each impacting factor on each designed environmental component. Since the fuzzy system is used to minimize subjectivity of the weights which are computed in the Folchi method, the Fuzzy Delphi and Folchi methods were merged. Due to the high potential of cement plants in the creation of environmental impact, environment impact assessment of the development of cement plants is very important. To test the proposed method, the Shahrood cement plant was selected as a case study. According to the results, the contamination generated by the plant, especially for environmental components such as air quality, soil of the area, area landscape, area usage, and ecology, is more significant than other environmental components. The newly proposed approach is an efficient tool in EIA and hence can be operational in humanistic decision-making systems with existence of uncertainty, vagueness, and imprecision.

关键词： 大气环境影响评价   现状监测   提升建议  

摘要： 从我国现阶段的大气监测工作的实际情况来讲,虽然国家已经颁布了相应的法令提升现状监测的实际效果,但是却依旧有很大的进步空间,通过相关内容并不能提升其实际效果。本文就相关内容展开了综合性的分析与阐述,首先介绍了大气环境影响评价中现状监测的作用,并列举了大气环境影响评价中现状监测的问题,最后提供了大气环境影响评价中现状监测的提升建议。希望通过本文对相关内容的阐述与分析,可以进一步提升其实际效果,为我国的发展创造动力,可以为我国大气环境影响评价提供更大的帮助。

关键词： 土地整治规划   环境影响   评价体系  

摘要： 在我国近些年的发展过程中,土地整治规划环境影响评价体系的分析也受到了越来越多的社会人士的关注,只有有效的对土地整治规划的环境影响评价体系进行反思和分析,才能够综合的保证我国的土地能够进行合理的利用。土地整治规划实施所带来的影响也是多方面的,所以对于土地整治规划的环境影响评价也要从多个角度进行综合整体的分析。本篇文章便对土地整治规划的环境影响评价进行了简要的介绍,目的在于能够使该领域的人士都能够对土地整治规划环境影响的评价体系做到充分的了解,从而有效的保证土地整治规划的环境影响能够得到综合的管理和整体的规划。

关键词： 病死动物   无害化   环境影响评价  

摘要： 畜牧业发展包括生猪、肉牛、羊、鸡、鸭、鹅等主要畜禽种类,各地在发展禽畜业的同时,病死畜禽尸体处理难矛盾日益突出,为推动养殖业的健康及可持续发展,各地开始建设病死动物无害化处理项目。项目建设前进行环境影响评价工作,通过对沧州各县市此类项目环评研究,就病死动物无害化项目环评需要注意的几个要点进行梳理,并给出相关的建议。

关键词： 生态环境   环境污染   发展效率  

摘要： 随着我国经济的不断发展,人民生活水平也在不断地提升,人们在满足自身的基本需求后,对于环境建设方面的关注度也在不断地提升。对于环境建设来说,提高环境影响评价的合理性是非常重要的,为不断地提升环境影响评价的合理性,就需要对其进行合理的规划。为充分的提升规划环境影响评价的科学性,不断地促进我国经济、社会以及环境之间的和谐发展,就要依据我国的《环境影响评价法》,充分进行环境影响评价。对于综合性规划的编制来说,还需要考虑到其在真正实施后对环境的影响,因此,编制报告应需要通过多方的审核,这样才能够充分的保证所编制的规划能够更加的合理。就我国近几年的环境影响评价工作的开展来说,为我国的环境建设以及我国经济、社会的发展做出了一定的贡献,但是其中仍存在一定的问题,需要不断地进行改善。本文针对现在规划环境影响评价中存在的问题进行探讨,然后根据不同的问题,提出相应的解决措施,希望可以对现在的工作提供一定的帮助。

关键词： 区域评估   审批改革   环境影响评价  

摘要： 本文对比《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》、《规划环境影响评价条例》、《中华人民共和国政府采购法》等相关法律法规,并咨询了生态环境部的专家,初步确定了区域环境影响评估工作适用范围、主体、区域环境影响评估文件的主要评价内容,探讨完成区域评估的区域内单体建设项目环评可以适度简化的内容以及区域环境影响评估文件的有效性和修编。