关键词： 生物武器   预防   炭疽菌   防御   杂聚物  

关键词： 生物武器袭击   医学防护   生物战剂   消化道   呼吸道   皮肤  

摘要： 随着生物高新技术的发展,以致病微生物及其毒素构成的生物武器伤害人类、牲畜或毁坏农作物,大规模地直接或间接杀伤对方的有生力量,已成为现代战争的一种特殊形式。平时,生物武器亦可被恐怖分子利用,进行危及人类健康和影响社会稳定的恐怖活动。因此,在部队中广泛开展生物武器防护知识教育,切实加强医学防护训练,对于提高广大官兵的生物武器防护能力,从容应对可能发生的生物战和生物恐怖袭击,具有十分重要的意义。什么是生物武器?生物武器是由生物战剂(即致病微生物及其生物毒素)和相应的施放工具组成的一种特殊武器,如装有生物战剂的炮弹、航空炸弹、火箭弹、导弹和航空撒布器等。常见的生物战剂包括:细菌、病毒、毒素和真菌,有液体和固体两种形态。根据军事效能,生物战剂又可分为致死性与失能性战剂、传染性与非传染性战剂、长潜伏期和短潜伏期战剂。致死性战剂就是毒性强、危害大、能够造成对方人员大量死亡的生物战剂。这类战剂很多,如炭疽芽孢杆菌、鼠疫杆菌、霍乱弧菌、天花病毒、出血热病毒等。而失能性战剂毒性相对较弱,主要是导致人员感染发病,使之暂时丧失战斗力。这类战剂一般不会造成人员的大量死亡,但所致疾病往往症状较严重,如流感、野兔热、Q热、布氏杆菌病等。生...

关键词： 基因武器   生物武器   杰弗逊计划   巴克斯细菌武器研发计划   剧毒性眼镜蛇毒素基因   流感病毒基因   炭疽杆菌   鼠痘病毒  

摘要： 杰弗逊计划 美国以防御生物恐怖主义袭击为借口，早就开始了基因武器的研究工作。据国外媒体披露，早在1997年，克林顿政府就制订了一项代号为“杰弗逊计划”的研究项目。此项目投资数十亿美元。

关键词： codes of conduct   biological weapons   responsibility   biological sciences   regulation  

摘要： Since 11 September 2001 and the anthrax attacks that followed in the US, public and policy concerns about the security threats posed by biological weapons have increased significantly. With this has come an expansion of those activities in civil society deemed as potential sites for applying security controls. This paper examines the assumptions and implications of national and international efforts in one such area: how a balance or integration can take place between security and openness in civilian biomedical research through devising professional codes of conduct for scientists. Future attempts to establish such codes must find a way of reconciling or at least addressing dilemmatic and tension-ridden issues about the appropriateness of research;a topic that raises fundamental questions about the position of science within society.

关键词： Biological Warfare/prevention & control*   Bioterrorism/prevention & control*   Communicable Disease Control/methods*   Communicable Diseases/diagnosis*   Humans   Immunoassay/methods*   Immunoassay/methods*   Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods*   Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods*   Security Measures*  

摘要： In this special section of BioTechniques, we examine the role of rapid molecular technologies in the detection and identification of agents of infectious disease (ID) and biological weapons (BWs). Besides the threat posed by the global proliferation of BW technologies, there are numerous emerging and reemerging ID agents with significant public health consequences. Further compounding this already complicated situation are the estimated 600 million international tourists annually, many with the potential to the spread disease globally in a matter of hours. While clinical laboratories have key roles in the detection and identification of potential ID/BW agents, most staff are unfamiliar with these agents because of their rarity and the often laborious conventional methodologies needed to identify them. To, meet this challenge, a vast array of rapid assay strategies has been developed for use in clinical diagnostics and environmental detection. Technologies have been developed or adapted to the challenges posed by these agents, permitting detection and identification in several minutes to hours. In particular, the development of improved reagents and detection systems has led to dramatic improvements in the sensitivity and specificity of immunological and nucleic acid-based systems, allowing all ever-increasing range of analytes to be identified and quantitated. In the accompanying articles, we have brought together experts from the many overlapping aspects of this arena in order to present a comprehensive and critical analysis of these technologies.

关键词： 日本   核武器   生物武器   化学武器   化学防护  

关键词： 人工合成   病毒   基因序列   生命分子   无机分子   生物武器   危害  

摘要： 自从维勒从无机氰化物合成尿素,生命的活力论就彻底破产了.随之出现了生物化学的蓬勃发展,这以后合成生命,哪怕是最简单的生命就成为科学家孜孜以求的梦想,然而,这方面的突破还是让人们大吃一惊.

关键词： 流感病毒   生物武器   恐怖袭击   防护  

关键词： 马来西亚   生物武器   研究中心   生物防护  

关键词： 防护服   核辐射   生物武器   化学武器   高分子材料