关键词： 公共卫生   蓄意使用   生化因子   化学武器   生物武器   伤害反应  

关键词： filovirus   ebola virus   marburg virus   biological warfare   bioterrorism   biodefense  

摘要： The filoviruses, Marburg and Ebola, are classified as Category A biowarfare agents by the Centers for Disease Control. Most known human infections with these viruses have been fatal, and no vaccines or effective therapies are currently available. Filoviruses are highly infectious by the airborne route in the laboratory, but investigations of African outbreaks have shown that person-to-person spread requires direct contact with virus-containing material. In consequence, filovirus epidemics can be halted by isolating patients and instituting standard infection control and barrier nursing procedures. The filovirus disease syndrome resembles that caused by other hemorrhagic fever viruses, necessitating studies in a biocontainment laboratory to confirm the diagnosis. Some progress has been made in developing vaccines and antiviral drugs, but efforts are hindered by the limited number of maximum containment laboratories. Terrorists might have great difficulty acquiring a filovirus for use as a weapon, but my attempt to do so because of the agents' ability to inspire fear. Accurate information is the best tool to prevent panic in the event of an attack. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

关键词： Biological Warfare   International Cooperation   Human  

摘要： The Fifth Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Convention, in November 2002, was the first to fail to produce a Final Document. It saw heated debate on non-compliance with the spirit of the prohibitions that it enshrines and marked the collapse of almost ten years of negotiations attempting to create a Protocol to strengthen the Convention. What was to emerge was a new process, very different from the traditional tools of arms control. This article examines the events that culminated in this drastic new approach, details the nature of this new process and discusses the possible short-, medium- and long-term impact of these events on the norm against the weaponization of disease.

关键词： Aerosols   Animals   Anthrax   control   Biological Warfare   Bioterrorism   Disaster Planning   Environmental Exposure   Humans   Insects   United States  

关键词： 生物武器  

关键词： 生物武器   天花疫苗   脊髓灰质炎病毒   致癌基因   支原体   微生物   生命形式   新生命  

摘要： 上帝说,地球上要有水、空气、人和生物。于是,七天之内上帝创造了这一切。

关键词： 基因疫苗   天花病毒   天花疫苗   生物武器   艾滋病病毒   接种者   囊虫病  

摘要： 为防止日益增大的生物恐怖袭击,布什总统2002年12月13日正式宣布恢复接种天花疫苗的计划。这是美国自1972年中断常规性的天花疫苗接种

关键词： 生化危机   生物武器   化学武器   脱叶剂   战争中   生化武器  

摘要： 芥子毒气事件今年8月4日,黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市发生原侵华日军遗留芥子毒气泄漏事件,造成40多人被烧伤,1人死亡。因为不断发生伤人事件,侵华日军战败时来不及销毁的化学武器在各地被大量发现,包括东北、湖

摘要： Once believed eradicated, smallpox has returned as a potential threat. Healthcare providers, as the first line of defense, must be proactive in maintaining current resources and offering input into the preparation for, diagnosis, and management of smallpox should an outbreak occur. The critical care nurse is integral in all aspects regarding smallpox and *** before the events of September 11, 2001, the threat of a bioterrorist attack loomed just outside the peripheral vision of many people. However, many government and private organizations have considered this potential threat to be eminent, and have questioned and studied this possibility in order to prepare for what was believed to be an inevitable event. 1 Since the September 11 attacks, public awareness and concern over issues related to bioterrorism has escalated. As the first-line defense against these potential weapons, healthcare providers-including emergency medical personnel, nurses, advanced practice nurses (APNs), and physicians-must be vigilant in maintaining the latest information on the identification, diagnostic indications, management of known agents, and resources available to support healthcare *** article focuses on smallpox, as a potential weapon of mass destruction and implications for the critical care nurse. The following will be discussed: history, use as a weapon, diagnosis, clinical implications, management, and an overview of immunization.

关键词： 大规模杀伤性武器   原子弹   潘多拉盒   俄克拉荷马   化学武器   受害者   核试验   生物武器  

摘要： 二十一世纪被称为原子弹世纪,但是大规模杀伤性武器并不仅限于原子弹。散布有毒的化学物质和疾病的做法也曾被用于古代的战争之中,如今它们已被发展成威力巨大的生化武器,这种大规模杀伤性武器是否也会像打开的“潘多拉盒子”一样,把灾难扩散到人间呢?