关键词： bioterrorism   biological weapons   preparedness  

摘要： Biological weapons and biological terrorism have recently come into focus due to the deliberate release of Bacillus anthracis via mail delivered in the USA. Since the 1930s, biological weapons have been developed in a number of countries. In 1975, the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention entered into force;this prohibits the use of these weapons and has been signed by a large majority of countries (144). Unfortunately, several countries failed to respect this treaty. The Soviet Union continued and expanded its biological weapons program, and after the Gulf War it was revealed that Iraq also had an extensive biological weapons program. Large-scale deliberate release of, Bacillus anthracis , for example, or an epidemic following a release of smallpox virus, would have a devastating effect. This has motivated the world community to strengthen the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention with a control mechanism which has, as yet, not been successful. Sweden, like other countries, is enhancing its preparedness with regard to stocks of antibiotics and vaccines, related to these improving the diagnostics these and similar agents, and is setting up an epidemiologic task force that can be used in infectious disease emergencies such as the deliberate release of biological warfare agents. International cooperation in this area has to be enhanced, not least in the European Union.

关键词： BIOLOGICAL warfare   BIOSECURITY   IMMUNOGLOBULINS   BACTERIAL disease prevention   BIOLOGICAL warfare prevention   VIRAL disease prevention   BACTERIAL diseases   BACTERIAL toxins   COMPARATIVE studies   IMMUNIZATION   RESEARCH methodology   MEDICAL cooperation   MONOCLONAL antibodies   RESEARCH   VIRUS diseases   EVALUATION research  

摘要： The potential threat of biological warfare with a specific agent is proportional to the susceptibility of the population to that agent. Preventing disease after exposure to a biological agent is partially a function of the immunity of the exposed individual. The only available countermeasure that can provide immediate immunity against a biological agent is passive antibody. Unlike vaccines, which require time to induce protective immunity and depend on the host's ability to mount an immune response, passive antibody can theoretically confer protection regardless of the immune status of the host. Passive antibody therapy has substantial advantages over antimicrobial agents and other measures for postexposure prophylaxis, including low toxicity and high specific activity. Specific antibodies are active against the major agents of bioterrorism, including anthrax, smallpox, botulinum toxin, tularemia, and plague. This article proposes a biological defense initiative based on developing, producing, and stockpiling specific antibody reagents that can be used to protect the population against biological warfare threats.

关键词： 美国   研制   生物武器   化学武器  

关键词： 生物战剂   稳定性   武器化   生物武器  

关键词： 21世纪   生物技术   防护   核武器   生物武器   化学武器  

关键词： BIOLOGICAL weapons   BIOTERRORISM   ENDANGERED species   EPIDEMICS  

摘要： Concentrates on the ecological impact of bioweapon disease outbreaks. Biological warfare and bioterrorism; Threats to biodiversity and endangered species; Epidemic outbreaks of disease among human, livestock, and wildlife populations; Thoughts on the use of genetically modified disease organisms as weapons of mass destruction.

关键词： 武器装备   生物技术   生物武器   基因武器   生物电子装备   生物炸弹   军用仿生导航系统   生物传感器  

摘要： 在引发21世纪武器装备革命性变化的高新技术中，迅速兴起的生物技术，发展势头正猛。生物技术包括遗传工程、细胞工程和发酵工程等。有识之士认为，现代化生物武器是一支重要的威慑力量，在未来战场上，比原子弹更可怕。

关键词： 基因武器   炭疽病毒袭击事件   生物武器   杀伤效果   战略武器   DNA   致病基因   生物战剂  

摘要： 前不久发生的炭疽病毒袭击事件搅得美国人坐立不安，同时也震惊了全世界，现在人们才真正明白，其实在我们的身边一直就有一个恐怖幽灵在游荡，那就是生物武器。应用生物武器作战可谓是源远流长。比如在二战期间，臭名昭著的日本法西斯731部队就已经在中国战场大量投入使用了这种杀人不见血的武器，给中国人民带来了巨大的灾难。

关键词： 生物恐怖   防御   炭疽病   生物武器   天花   种痘  

摘要： 美国9.11恐怖事件后发生的邮件炭疽事件震惊世界,生物武器、生物恐怖已打破了军民界线,民众的生物防御受到全球的关注.虽然我国尚未发生相关事件,但生物恐怖的医学防护也应引起足够的重视.