关键词： 生物武器   机动装备   电子装备  

摘要： 电影《黑太阳731》留给人们印象最深的,恐怕就是日本研究试验生物武器的那些片段。生物武器的杀伤威力人们早已领教过,因此,爱好和平的世界人民都反对生产和使用生物武器。在世界各国的共同努力下,生物武器的研制曾一度得到遏制,但随着高新技术的发展,在引发21世纪武器装备革命性变化的高新技术中,生物技术又“死灰复燃”,迅速兴起,并且发展势头越来越猛。目前,美国有30％以上的科学家在

关键词： 化学武器   生物武器   大规模毁灭性武器   核武器   国家   生产成本   科技水平   化工工业   原子弹   装备   开发   经济  

摘要： 核武器、生物武器、化学武器被统称为大规模毁灭性武器.三者当中,核武器虽然威力巨大,但研制、装备所需成本也最大,远非一般国家可以企及.生物武器虽然研制、生产成本不高,但开发时涉及较尖端的科技水平,许多国家也是有心无力.相比之下只有化学武器最为'经济实惠',几乎所有拥有化工工业的国家都可以生产,因此,化学武器又被世人称为'穷国的原子弹'.

关键词： .anthrax   Control of Biological  

摘要： Studies of perceived risk show that fear is disproportionately evoked by certain characteristics of risks. Biological agents are mysterious, unfamiliar, in- discriminate, uncontollable, inequitable, and invisible, all of which are charac- teristics of dreaded risks. The effects of these weapons are also difacult to predict and poorly understood by science. They are physically disgusting, a factor associated with moral aversion. The media tend to highlight terrorist in- cidents, heightening dread and panic still further (in a simultaneous relation- ship). We feel a gut-level fear and are prone to trying to eradicate the risk with little regard to the costs involved. This fear can inouence our ability to assess with accuracy risk versus risk trade-offs, for example, between mundane (but common) risks to human health and those that are more spectacular. Experi- ence with nuclear power, another dreaded risk, suggests that decisionmakers should be particularly careful when dealing with target risks that evoke dis- proportionate dread, because there is a danger of choosing policies whose costs exceed their beneats. An assessment of countervailing dangers is thus particularly important for dreaded risks. Risk trade-off analysis demands that decisionmakers think carefully about how to strike an appropriate balance between competing interests in this case the desire to reduce the threat of terrorism while still promoting legitimate re- search. The article examined a particular policy remedy: controlling access to pathogens and related information as well as the possible countervailing risks. Biological weapons are inherently dual-use commodities. All inputs to bioweapons production are used for legitimate purposes, including in medi- cine. Even variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, is required for some biomedical research.136 One of the most critical inputs the pathogens can be isolated from nature.137 Another important input information is important to research on

关键词： 早恋   精神病   办公室人员   困扰   心脏移植   网络虚拟   性犯罪   定罪   中国   命名   遗传疾病   药治疗   天花   生物武器   神经干   细胞修复  

关键词： NATIONAL security   UNITED States -- Politics & government  

摘要： A biological weapons attack today would quickly overwhelm the public health system, a crucial although unfamiliar player in the national security field. To be effective, more attention should be paid to strengthening public health infrastructure. Here's how.

关键词： 军事制裁   联合国   石油   出口   矿物燃料   伊拉克   海湾战争   化学武器   毒剂武器   武器扩散   多边主义   强迫机制   北美洲   美国   美利坚合众国   生物武器   核武器   原子武器   俄罗斯   科威特  

摘要： 在没完没了的反美批评中,主要指控之一是这个傲慢的超级大国无视多边法律和程序,一意孤行地走其单边道路。一个主要例子据说是,它顽固地渴望伊拉克发生“政权更迭”,而这个计划目前实际上遭到其除英国外的所有盟国的反对。一些人说,鉴于老布什未能在1991年圆满地结束海湾战争,这必定只是布什家族的世仇。以共和党鹰派为首的强硬分子则无视

关键词： 生物武器   机动装备   导航系统   胶原蛋白  

摘要： 现代化生物武器已经成为一支重要的威慑力量,在未来战场上,将比原子弹更加可怕。近几年来,军用生物技术得到了广泛的开发,除了人们已知的基因武器外,还有下列几种:生物炸弹生产武器离

关键词： Biological Warfare   Bioterrorism   Human   International Agencies   International Cooperation  

摘要： GeneWatch UK is an independent, voluntary, not‐for‐profit organization formed in January 1998 and incorporated in May 1998. GeneWatch works to promote environmental, ethical, social, human health and animal welfare considerations in decision‐making about genetic engineering and other genetic technologies. GeneWatch is not opposed to genetic technologies in principle, but believes that public participation is crucial for robust and effective decision‐making. This can only take place in the context of openness, where debate is well informed and proper weight is attached to public concerns and aspirations for the future.

关键词： Biological Warfare   International Cooperation   Congresses   Human   International Agencies   Terminology  

摘要： The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) received two major blows in the past months. Negotiations for a protocol to strengthen the BTWC came to a halt and the Fifth Review Conference was unable to reach agreement on a final declaration. In addition, ongoing research projects, predominantly in the United States, are threatening to undermine the comprehensive ban on the development, production and use of biological weapons. This article provides two examples of research that exploit perceived loopholes in the BTWC or impinge on the scope of the Convention, namely the planned use of biological agents for forced drug eradication and the development of anti-material agents.

关键词： 生物武器   鼠疫菌   天花病毒  

摘要： 2001年10月8日美国发现第一例炭疽病例,随后炭疽向全美和全球各个国家蔓延,标志着过去只是停留在人们口头上的生物武器已经向全人类正式宣战。在新的基因工程生物武器正式面世并向人们发起进攻之前,传统的生物武器按对人类伤害的程度和快慢,分别应当是天花、鼠疫和炭疽。