关键词： 免疫抑制剂   B细胞  

关键词： 器官移植   急性排斥   免疫抑制药物   肾移植  

关键词： Antigens, CD34/immunology   Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects*   Bone Marrow Cells/immunology*   Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology*   Cadaver   Cell Differentiation/physiology   Cell Division/physiology   Humans   Immunity, Cellular/drug effects   Immunity, Cellular/immunology   Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology*   Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects   Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects   Lymphocyte Activation/immunology   Lymphocyte Activation/immunology   Tissue Donors   T-Lymphocytes/immunology  

摘要： Background. The cascade of immunological effects brought about by donor bone marrow cell (DBMC) infusions in human organ transplantation, especially in the context of continuous pharmacologic immunosuppression, is not fully understood. Yet, in inbred rodents and even primates, administration of specific bone marrow cells has caused a state of acquired immunologic tolerance. Methods. In vitro mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) culture systems were used to compare the responding and regulatory properties of DBMC and individual bone marrow cell subsets versus spleen cells in the presence or absence of pharmacologic immunosuppression. Results. In the absence of immunosuppressive drugs, the DBMC proliferated in MLC and in response to phytohemagglutinin, but to a lower magnitude than donor spleen cells. In CML assays, DBMC failed to function as cytotoxic cells. Removal of both CD3(+) and CD34(+) cells together (not just singly) had to occur for complete abrogation of the proliferative response of DBMC evoked in the presence of allogeneic stimulating cells. Testing several experimental variables using flow cytometric analysis led to the conclusion that when purified DBMC CD34(+) cells were placed in coculture with irradiated allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells, such CD34(+) cells give rise both to CD3(-) TCR alpha beta(+) as well as to dimly staining CD3(+) TCR alpha beta(+) cells. Low pharmacologic concentrations of tacrolimus/cyclosporine (CsA) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) singly or in combination had no effect on the spontaneous proliferation of DBMC and had significantly less inhibitory activity on MLC responses of DBMC and its purified CD3(+) or CD34(+) subpopulations, compared with the responses of spleen cells. Moreover, the previously described regulatory effects of DBMC on the MLC responses of peripheral blood or splenic responding cells were not inhibited by these immunosuppressive drugs. Conclusions. Taken together, these

关键词： 新药   免疫抑制剂   药物筛选   药理学  

摘要： 用功能正常的器官(或组织)来替换患者功能缺损的器官,即移植疗法,是本世纪医学界取得的重大成果,并为医学科学作出了重要贡献.但是,早期的临床移植由于出现严重的移植排斥反应而遭受了痛苦和血的教训.免疫学和移植学的发展,引入了一些预防和治疗免疫排斥反应的方法,特别是免疫抑制药物的运用,使临床移植成功率得到提高.在现行应用的免疫抑制药物中,微生物来源的免疫抑制药物以它作用的针对性强、副反应少而独具应用优势.虽然免疫耐受的临床研究成为探索解决器官移植问题的又一途径,但是免疫耐受研究存在的问题,以及临床实施中仍可能用到免疫抑制药物,使得新型免疫抑制药物的开发保持有强大的生命力.本文将对这方面的研究进展作一综述.

关键词： 免疫抑制   药物治疗   异体抗原  

关键词： 肾病   成人   病理学   免疫抑制剂   药物疗法  

摘要： ２６２例成人肾病病理和免疫抑制药物的疗效观察上海市第一人民医院肾内科刘智辉，于青，徐琴君肾穿刺活检的开展提高了我们对肾脏疾病的认识，本文对我院２６２例肾活检病理类型及其治疗效果作一分析。资料和方法一、２６２例均为１９８８年１２月～１９９５年１２月住院...

关键词： Animals   Cell Differentiation/drug effects   DNA/analysis   DNA Replication/drug effects   Fetal Tissue Transplantation*   Graft Rejection/pathology*   Graft Rejection/prevention & control   Humans   Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage*   Insulin/analysis   Insulin/analysis   Islets of Langerhans/embryology   Islets of Langerhans/metabolism   Islets of Langerhans/pathology*   Islets of Langerhans Transplantation*   Mice   Mice, Nude   Swine  

摘要： Clinical transplantation of fetal porcine islet-like cell clusters (ICC) to kidney transplanted diabetic patients has shown both morphological and biochemical evidence of prolonged xenograft survival, but no effect was seen on the insulin requirement of the transplanted patients. One possible explanation for this relative lack of success might have been the influence of the immunosuppressive drugs on the differentiation of ICC grafts. In this study, the effects of a number of immunosuppressive drugs on ICC differentiation were investigated. Normoglycemic C57BL/6 nu/nu mice were transplanted with 2x3 mu l ICC under the renal capsule, During a four-week period the animals were treated daily with azathioprine (2.0 mg/kg ***.), prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg ***.), cyclosporine (5.0 mg/kg ***.), cyclophosphamide (5.0 mg/kg ***.) 15-deogyspergualin (5.0 mg/kg ***.), leflunomide (30 mg/kg ***.) or saline. In order to estimate rates of beta-cell DNA synthesis in the ICC grafts the mice were injected with H-3-thymidine one hour before killing and slides of the grafts were evaluated with regard to autoradiographical labeling;Other ICC grafts were evaluated by measurement of their insulin and DNA contents. Both the DNA content of ICC grafts and the beta cell labeling index in the cyclosporine animals were significantly decreased, Perfusion experiments with graft-bearing kidneys of cyclosporine-treated animals showed a significantly decreased insulin secretion in response to glucose plus theophylline, None of the other drugs influenced the differentiation of grafted ICC as evaluated in this study. Thus, it is obvious that cyclosporine inhibits both the growth and functional differentiation of transplanted ICC, which might be one reason for the relative lack of success in the clinical transplantation of porcine ICC to diabetic patients.

关键词： 肾移植   免疫抑制剂   肾成活  

摘要： 肾移植受者需要长期持续免疫抑制治疗来预防移植物排斥。为了降低有害的副作用,故采用免疫抑制药物联合使用。不同药物治疗方法对移植肾长期存活的作用尚无定论,对12000多名于移植术后即开始接受三联药物免疫抑制治疗(环孢菌素、类固醇和硫唑喋呤)的患者进行了观察研究。对进行了一年免疫抑制治疗的移植肾及患者超过5年后的生存率进行了分析。

关键词： 器官移植   移植免疫学   免疫抑制剂   临床应用  

摘要： 组织相容性、机体免疫状态以及免疫抑制药物的应用是改善器官移植存活率的重要因素，为提高器官移植的成功率，近年来开发成功一批新和篌梭放。本文概述它们的来源、作用机制适用范围及常风毒副作用，并对每种免疫抑制药物的临床应用前景作了介绍。

关键词： Adult   Anemia, Aplastic/therapy   Bone Marrow Transplantation   Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/chemically induced*   Humans   Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects   Male   Tacrolimus/adverse effects*