关键词： 海洋生态   珊瑚礁   海洋生物   生物多样性   热带雨林   守护者   晴雨表   健康状况  

摘要： 珊瑚礁是超过1/4海洋生物的栖息地,其生物多样性丰富程度可媲美热带雨林。珊瑚礁也是海洋生态状况的晴雨表。但在过去的30年里,我们已经失去世界上将近一半的珊瑚。为此,一群海洋守护者背起气瓶,穿上蛙鞋,潜入海底守护珊瑚,守护海洋生态。科学家每年潜入海底监测和普查珊瑚礁,关注它们的健康状况:这里有哪些海洋生物分布?

关键词： 海洋动物   游来游去   海洋生物   有趣  

摘要： 暑假的一天,妈妈带我去我梦寐以求的海洋馆游玩。一进入海洋馆,我就被眼前奇妙的海洋世界深深震撼。各种各样、五颜六色的海洋动物在我身边和头顶游来游去,令我目不暇接,还有那些我只在电视上和书上看到过的异常美丽的海洋生物……

关键词： 海洋生物学   光合特性   植被修复   适生植物   物种筛选   海岛  

摘要： 海岛植被破坏严重,而适生物种少的问题已严重影响到海岛植被修复研究工作。本研究通过测定海坛岛和大屿共30种植物的夏季日间光合特性、水分利用效率和比叶面积,为海岛水土流失区生态修复过程中适生植物的筛选提供重要的理论依据。研究结果表明,在海坛岛和大屿的共有种中,仅台湾相思(Acacia confusa)和海桐(Pittosporum tobira)在不同样地的水分利用效率存在差异(p<0.05);滨柃(Eurya emarginata)的原生种和栽培种的水分利用效率没有差异(p>0.05),而海桐的水分利用效率则存在明显的差异(p<0.05)。不同植物的光合参数和比叶面积具有一定的差异,以适应不同的环境。根据水分利用效率进行聚类分析,将30种植物分成3类。其中,夹竹桃(Nerium oleander)、台湾相思、翠芦莉(Ruellia brittoniana)和滨旋花(Calystegia soldanella)等水分利用效率较高,表现出对海岛环境较强的适应能力。因此,将光合特性作为海岛适生物种筛选的指标具有借鉴意义。

关键词： 海洋生物学   空间格局   环境因子   曹妃甸  

摘要： 为阐明曹妃甸邻近海域浮游植物群落的水平和垂直分布特征,于2013年8月在该海域开展调查航次,应用Utermöhl方法研究了浮游植物的物种组成、细胞密度和优势种等特征,采用冗余分析(RDA)和聚类分析探讨了浮游植物群落的空间分布特征及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,本次调查共鉴定得到浮游植物3门34属66种,主要由硅藻和甲藻组成,浮游植物密度范围为(0.85~39.07)×104 cells/L,主要优势种为长菱形藻(Nitzschia longissima)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和浮动弯角藻(Eucampia zodiacus)等。浮游植物密度的空间分布与温度、盐度和营养盐等环境因子密切相关。水平方向上,近岸海域的细胞密度通常高于远岸海域,主要与陆源营养盐输入有关。垂直方向上,浮游植物群落的变化主要出现在水深超过20 m的远岸海域,细胞密度随深度增加而降低,大部分硅藻和甲藻主要分布在表层水体,而具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)等底栖种类主要分布在中层和底层水体,这些主要与海水的垂直混合受到抑制有关。

关键词： 海洋生物  

ISBN: (纸本)9787567026018

摘要： 本书对《海错图》注其文、校其误，探究和诠释古人对海洋生物的记述，补我国海洋生物学、古籍人文书画研究之所阙。全书含精美工笔彩绘图340余幅，涉及海洋无脊椎动物、海洋脊椎动物及海藻等300余种，在我国古代海洋生物、绘画和人文研究中有重要史料价值。

关键词： 海洋生物  

ISBN: (纸本)9787521826593

摘要： 本书主要内容包括九大部分: 第一部分绪论。主要阐述了研究背景和研究意义、研究思路与内容、研究方法与数据和国内外研究述评。第二部分海洋生物医药产业集聚的理论基础。系统阐述了相关概念的内涵, 同时对海洋生物医药产业集聚发展的理论进行了梳理, 简要介绍了海洋生物医药产业集聚的测度方法。第三部分广东省海洋生物医药产业发展的总体情况。深入分析了广东省海洋生物医药产业发展基础、发展现状及存在的主要问题, 以及广东省海洋生物医药产业发展的区域情况。第四部分为广东省海洋生物医药产业发展的区域情况。第五部分海洋生物医药产业集聚的机理分析。阐明了海洋生物医药产业集聚的内涵、影响因素和效应机理。第六部分广东省海洋生物医药产业的集聚水平与影响因素。运用定量分析法分析了广东省海洋生物医药产业集聚水平, 并进行了比较分析和影响因素分析。第七部分广东省海洋生物医药产业集聚发展的影响效应。构建了广东省海洋生物医药产业集聚的经济增长效应、技术创新效应和FDI集聚效应模型, 并进行了实证分析。第八部分海洋生物医药产业集聚发展的国内外经验借鉴。选择国内外海洋生物医药产业集聚发展典型案例进行了经验总结。第九部分促进广东省海洋生物医药产业集聚发展的思路与对策。提出了广东省海洋生物医药产业集聚发展的战略思路与对策建议。

关键词： Antibiotics   Spatiotemporal distribution   Source apportionment   Heavy metal   Bohai sea  

摘要： The spatiotemporal distribution, source apportionment and combined pollution of 14 antibiotics in natural waters adjacent to mariculture farms of Laizhou Bay in the Bohai Sea were studied. The contribution proportion and quantity of each potential pollution source to antibiotics in natural water bodies were quantitatively described. The correlations between heavy metals and antibiotics and their underlying mechanisms in natural and aquaculture water environment were analyzed. Fourteen antibiotics were detected in natural water and sediment in the coastal area of Laizhou Bay. The maximum concentrations of sulfamethazine and trimethoprim in water reached tens or even hundreds of mu g/L in winter. Trimethoprim was the main antibiotic in natural water bodies in winter and summer, and enrofloxacin was the principal antibiotic in sediments. Enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and oxytetracycline were detected in all underground water samples;thus, control of these antibiotics needs to be made a priority to mitigate groundwater contamination. PCA-MLR revealed that the potential sources of antibiotics in natural waters of Laizhou Bay include the mariculture wastewater (18.3%), the domestic sewage (63.3%) and the livestock wastewater (18.4%). Therefore, the antibiotic burden of Laizhou Bay was principally from the domestic sewage. In natural water, the concentration of Cu was positively correlated with antibiotics, which might be related to the common sources, the competitive adsorption in sediments and the easy complexation characteristic of Cu and antibiotics. Positive correlations among antibiotics and heavy metals were observed in mariculture sediments, while negative relationships were observed in natural sediments. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bioremediation   Detritivores   Mugil cephalus   Litopenaeus vannamei   Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture  

摘要： Intensive pond shrimp aquaculture produces a large quantity of organic deposits due to uneaten food and fecal matter. In this study, a laboratory feeding trial was conducted to assess the potential of using bottom-feeding mullets (Mugil cephalus) to reduce the negative impacts of marine shrimp farming. First, ingestion and absorption by M. cephalus of organic deposits collected from the pond culture of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were quantified for various sizes of mullets. Twenty-four 80 L flow-through aquariums were stocked with five mullets each for the feeding trial. Subsequently, a polyculture experiment with L. vannamei and M. cephalus was conducted with six different densities of medium sized (18.0 +/- 4.1 g ind-1) mullets cultured with shrimp (ML-0, ML-1, ML-2, ML-3, ML-4, and ML-5 corresponding to ratios of fish to shrimp of 0:300, 1:300, 2:300, 3:300, 4:300, and 5:300, respectively). The results showed that, in the feeding trial, the specific growth rate (SGR) of small and medium mullets was significantly higher than that of large mullets, and SGR was negatively correlated with mullet body weight. Medium mullets had the highest ingestion rate, whereas small mullets had the highest feces production rate. The organic matter and N assimilation efficiency values of medium mullets were highest (60.7% and 82.2%, respectively). The fish removed 0.62 g ind-1 d-1 of organic matter and 0.043 g ind-1 d-1 of organic N from the enriched sediment. In the polyculture experiment, the survival rate and yield of white shrimp in treatment ML-4 (96.4% +/- 0.8% and 5.2 +/- 0.2 kg, respectively) were higher than those in the other treatments, and the survival rate was significantly higher than those of the ML-0 and ML-2 groups (P < 0.05). During the polyculture experiment, mullet density significantly affected the water environment. Overall, the best survival rate and yield of shrimp were achieved at the density of 4:300. These results indicate that mullets as detritiv

关键词： Transgenerational effect   Carry-over effect   Ocean acidification   Crassostrea hongkongensis   Phenotypic plasticity  

摘要： The majority of common edible oysters are projected to grow more slowly and have smaller impaired shells because of anthropogenic CO2-induced reductions in seawater carbonate ion concentration and pH, a process called ocean acidification (OA). Recent evidence has shown that OA has carryover effects, for example, larvae exposed to OA will also exhibit either positive or negative effects alter metamorphosis. This study examined the hidden carryover effects of OA exposure during parental and larval stages on post-metamorphic traits of the commercially important oyster species Crassostrea hongkongensis. Adults of C hongkongensis were exposed to control pH (pH(NBS) 8.0) and OA-induced low pH (pH(NBS) 7.4) conditions. Their larval offspring were then exposed to the same aquarium conditions before being out-planted as post-metamorphic juveniles at a mariculture site for 10 months. Initially, larval offspring were resilient to low pH with or without parental exposure. The larvae exposed to low pH had significantly faster development and higher percentage of settlement success compared to control groups. The out-planted juveniles with parental exposure had improved survival and growth compared to juveniles without parental exposure, regardless of the larval exposure history. This implies that transgenerational effects due to parental exposure not only persists but also have a greater influence than the within-generational effects of larval exposure. Our results shed light on the importance of linking the various life history stages when assessing the OA-induced carryover capacity of C hongkongensis in the natural environment. Understanding these linked relationships helps us better predict the species rapid adaptation responses in the face of changing coastal conditions due to OA. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.