关键词： 休渔期   澳大利亚   手鱼   海洋生物  

摘要： 澳大利亚东南部,休渔期过后的渔民们正在岸边重新整理渔具,为即将开始的捕鱼作业做着准备。这是一个靠近海边的小镇,小镇上大部分的居民靠捕鱼为生,他们忠厚善良、淳朴和睦,日子过得平静如大海。可是有一天,一种名叫"手鱼"的海洋生物掀起了波澜。

关键词： 海洋生物学专业英语   专业英语教学   教学实践   教学方法改革  

摘要： 随着我国海洋事业的发展,海洋生物获得了越来越多的重视。《海洋生物学专业英语》课程是面向海洋资源开发技术专业本科学生开设的一门重要的课程,是现代海洋生物专业人才的必备工具。本文结合教学实践经验,归纳了笔者在授课中遇到的困难以及相应的解决方案,并对专业英语课程授课模式进行了较为全面的反思,希望能对提高海洋生物学专业英语的教学质量有一定的参考价值。

关键词： 混凝土结构   海洋生物   现场暴露试验   耐久性  

摘要： 为研究海洋生物对混凝土结构的影响机理,分别对海洋动物、植物以及微生物3种类型的海洋生物进行分析,重点讨论3种生物对混凝土结构的腐蚀机理和增强机理,并对其利用和防治进行了详细论述。通过某码头混凝土桩的现场长期暴露试验,研究混凝土内部的氯离子浓度、混凝土电阻率及钢筋电位的分布规律。结果表明,浪溅区的表面氯离子含量低于潮汐区,而混凝土氯离子扩散系数较为接近。贝类生物的聚集作用对混凝土抗氯离子性能具有正负效应:一方面,贝类覆盖区混凝土的表面氯离子含量较低,表明贝类的存在有利于降低混凝土表面氯离子的聚集,在混凝土表面起到物理保护作用,一定程度上有利于阻止氯离子的入侵;另一方面,贝类覆盖区混凝土内氯离子扩散系数大于光滑表面区,贝类的存在可能导致混凝土本体发生变化,削弱了混凝土自身的抗氯离子侵蚀能力,加快了氯离子在混凝土内部的传输。有贝类聚集时,混凝土表面电阻最低,且混凝土内部钢筋的腐蚀电位较负,表明该区域混凝土内部钢筋的腐蚀风险最高,该海域贝类存在可能对混凝土的耐久性能造成不利影响。

关键词： 人类进化   物种进化   二氧化碳   免费获取   海洋生物   光合作用   叶绿素   习以为常  

摘要： 空气,这几乎看不见的物质,我们每时每刻都免费获取。但事实上在物种进化、人类进化的历史上,空气其实扮演着许多至关重要但又不为人知的角色。这些作用往往与我们习以为常的印象恰恰相反。比如,大家都觉得植物多了,树多了,空气就好了。那一片片满眼的叶绿素,积极进行光合作用,吸收二氧化碳释放氧气啊。但在远古时代,当陆地上第一次大面积出现植物时,却造成了远古海洋生物的大灭绝。这是为什么?

关键词： 活性肽   炎症   抗炎活性   天然产物   海洋生物  

摘要： 海洋生物因为其特殊的栖息环境,蕴藏着极其丰富的天然产物,随着对海洋探索的不断发展,越来越多具有抗炎作用的天然产物被发现,其中活性肽类具有靶向性强、活性高、毒性低等特点,药物开发前景良好。本文综述了近几十年来具有抗炎活性的海洋来源活性肽的研究进展,为开发高效安全的抗炎药物提供借鉴。

关键词： Mariculture solid wastes (MSW)   Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)   NO3--N removal efficiency (NRE)   Denitrification kinetics   The most readily biodegradable organics (S-S)  

摘要： Biological denitrification using mariculture solid wastes (MSW) carbon source is a promising solution for re-moving nitrate (NO3--N) and disposing MSW in marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). To enhance denitrification performance, heating (HT), rhamnolipid (RL), alkali (AL), thermophilic bacteria (TB) pre-treated MSW acidogenic fermentation effluents were prepared as carbon sources. Profiles of soluble organics in four types of fermentation effluents were first evaluated. The highest volatile fatty acids (VFAs) yield (52.1%) was obtained from TB treated MSW after acidification. RL and TB treated MSW acidogenic fermentation effluents showed high NO3--N removal efficiency (NRE) (around 97%). Acidogenic fermentation effluent from TB treated MSW presented a high biodegradability, with the minimum effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) amount (35 mg/L). Denitrification kinetics parameters were also analyzed;high fraction (74.5%) of the most readily biodegradable organics (S-S) demonstrated that TB treated MSW acidogenic fermentation effluent is a high-quality carbon source for enhancing denitrification.

关键词： Vibrio parahaemolytieus   Aerobic denitrification   Nitrification   Genome  

摘要： A novel halophilic bacterium capable of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification was isolated from the polyethylene fiber of a recirculating aquaculture system and identified Vibrio parahaemolyticus HA2. In this study, the degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen, nitric nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were 99.06%, 97.35% and 34.91% respectively, and the pH increases furtherly proved existing denitrification during the growth of strain HA2. Genome sequencing showed that the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO), periplasmic nitrate reductase (NAP), nitrite reductase (NIR), nitric oxide reductase (NOR), hydroxylamine oxidase (HAO) and nitrous oxide reductase (N2OR) of strain HA2 were associated with the progress of nitrification and denitrification. Utilization of nitrite and nitrate as well as existence of NAP gene further proved aerobic denitrification ability of strain HA2. The aim is indicating great potential of strain HA2 for future full-scale applications in aquaculture

关键词： Intensive aquaculture   Chronic stress   Stocking density   Ontogenetic scales   Milkfish  

摘要： With the ever increasing demand for food, global aquaculture practices have intensified enormously over the last years. Due to this intensification, (inadequate) management strategies can cause (chronic) stress in cultured fish, hereby affecting fish performance and welfare. In Southeast Asia milkfish (Chanos chanos) is an important aquaculture species. Traditionally, milkfish are cultured in pond systems with extensive culture practices, however, as culture practices intensified, other systems such as marine cages were introduced. Here we aimed to identify potential environmental and/or commercial management related chronic stressors for milkfish kept in marine cage systems using ontogenetic (OG) scale cortisol. We quantified OG scale cortisol as indicator for chronic stress levels in juvenile milkfish (average TL between 20 and 30 cm) from four cage systems (F1-F4;culture time: 2.5-3 months) with different geographic locations and management strategies within the mariculture area (approx. 2.2 x 0.6 km) of the Guiguiwanen Channel in Bolinao (Philippines). The sites were chosen along the mariculture area, with F1 located in the mouth of the channel, F2 at the beginning, F3 midway, and F4 at the end of the mariculture area. Each site was sampled twice (I, II) with a time interval of 15 days between both samplings. OG scale cortisol increased significantly between sampling I and II at all four sites, indicating that milkfish at all sites experienced to a certain extent stressful conditions within their cage system. At both samplings OG scale cortisol was highest at F4, where also the highest stocking density was observed. Taking into account the existing culture conditions, OG scale cortisol levels showed that different aspects of typically applied management strategies (e.g. stocking density, feeding strategy) as well as the location might have an effect on the stress level of cultured milkfish and therefore should be considered as potentially severe stressors in mil

关键词： Holothuria scabra   Mariculture   Burying behavior   Juvenile growth   Survival  

摘要： The success of mariculture activities involving the release of cultured marine invertebrates into the ocean is contingent on high survival and appropriate growth rates. Physical, physiological or behavioral characteristics that differ from those of wild conspecifics may be acquired through hatchery rearing, or as a result of stress induced by the release process. Such differences may compromise the 'fitness' of cultured animals. We investigated the influence of hatchery rearing and transport/handling stress on a commercial sea cucumber, sandfish (Holothuria scabra), by comparing survival, growth and behavior of release-size (5-15 g) cultured juveniles to those of like-size wild conspecifics. At the conclusion of an 85-day growth experiment in natural habitat, there was no significant difference in weight between cultured and wild sandfish juveniles. Burying behavior of cultured and wild sandfish juveniles was observed over a 48-h period in natural habitat with or without seagrass. A generalized additive model showed that cultured juveniles were slower to bury in the substrate after release, less likely to be buried at most times, and more likely to be buried in substrate where seagrass was present. However, they became better synchronized with their wild counterparts after 30 h. Survival of cultured and wild sandfish was high in both experiments (> 85%), but reduced burying by cultured individuals may increase the potential for predation because diel burying is the main predator avoidance strategy of sandfish juveniles.

关键词： 生物遗传资源   国家重点实验室   科技创新平台   深海生物   培育基地   国家海洋局   研究开发中心   国家级专业  

摘要： “自然资源部海洋生物遗传资源重点实验室”(以下简称实验室)创建于1991年,是徐洵院士创立的我国第一个从事海洋生物基因工程研究的实验室,目前已经形成了富有特色的3个研究方向:深海生物多样性与生命过程、深海生物资源获取与应用潜力评价、海洋生物资源开发利用。三十年来,实验室不断发展壮大。1997年实验室被评为原国家海洋局重点实验室;2002年与中国大洋协会共建“中国大洋生物基因研发基地”;2003年实验室被批准为福建省重点实验室;2005年被科技部批准为厦门市和科技部共建的国家重点实验室培育基地;同年建立了我国第一个海洋微生物菌种资源共享平台“中国海洋微生物菌种保藏中心(MCCC)”;2008年成立了“中国大洋深海生物及其基因资源研究开发中心”;2005—2018年,与国内8个国家级专业菌种保藏中心共建了国家微生物资源平台,推动了海洋微生物资源的科学管理与共享服务。2019年,MCCC被列为科技创新平台国家菌种库的海洋菌种分库。