海洋生物-专题定制-重庆大学图书馆

徐盛叶培

李昂

华东理工大学

摘要： 随着科学技术的发展,人类生活对于新材料的需求越来越迫切。海洋中诸如牡蛎、贻贝等丰富的生物资源为新材料的设计提供了灵感。其中,以水凝胶（Hydrogel）和凝聚体（Coacervate）为代表的软物质材料就是非常重要的仿生材料。这类仿生软物质材料用作粘合剂时仍然存在着本体粘结强度不足、生物相容性欠佳等缺点。针对本体粘结强度不足这一缺点,本文借鉴复合材料的设计思路,制备了牡蛎仿生的无定型纳米碳酸钙交联聚丙烯酸水凝胶粘合剂以及纳米纤维素增强贻贝仿生的多巴胺类凝聚体粘合剂。测试表明,这两种粘合剂均具有优异的粘接强度。为了提高生物相容性,本文以牛血清蛋白交联多巴胺改性的透明质酸,成功制备出粘接性能优异的凝聚体,为其在生物医学领域的应用奠定了基础。具体研究内容如下:1.以纳米无定型碳酸钙原位交联高分子量(Mw～250000g mol-1)聚丙烯酸,制备出了牡蛎仿生的生物矿化水凝胶粘合剂,该粘合剂对铝板、木板、聚乙烯板等多种材质的基板都具有优异的粘接性能。利用搭接剪切强度（Lap shear strength）测试对其粘接性能系统地进行表征。其中,干燥及湿润条件下,对于铝板的剪切强度可分别达到5 MPa及240 kPa。制得的水凝胶在干燥之后可以形成一层透明的薄膜,在可见光波长范围内（300-800 nm）的透过率达到90%以上,是理想的光学器件粘合剂。2.为了进一步提高无定型碳酸钙交联聚丙烯酸水凝胶的结构强度,分别在该体系中加入氧化亚铜（Cu2O）纳米粒子、铁磁纳米粒子、Laponite黏土纳米粒子以及金纳米粒子,对水凝胶进行二次交联。流变学测试表明,在引入新的纳米粒子之后,水凝胶的弹性模量（G'）与粘性模量（G”）均有大幅度提升。同时,对干燥后的水凝胶薄膜进行纳米压痕表征,结果表明,纳米粒子的引入成功提高了薄膜的杨氏模量,提升幅度可达28-38%。综合流变测试和纳米压痕测试结果,引入纳米粒子成功实现了水凝胶内部结构交联的增强及本体粘结强度的提升。其中,加入Cu2O纳米粒子之后,干燥条件下铝板上的剪切强度可提升60%。3.以纤维素纤维（Cellulose fibers）及纤维素纳米晶（Cellulose nanocrystals）作为增强材料,加入聚丙烯酸-多巴胺/锌离子(PAA-DOPA/Zn2+)凝聚体之中,制备出新型复合粘合剂,成功实现粘接强度的大幅度提升。系统研究了纤维素纤维的长度（25 μm,90μm以及180 μm）、增强材料的加入量（2.5-20 wt%）对粘接性能的影响。经过优化,纤维素增强后的凝聚体在干燥条件下铝板上的剪切强度可以达到10 MPa以上,而湿润条件下铝板上的剪切强度也能达到1.9 MPa,结果优于绝大部分商用粘合剂。4.以盐酸多巴胺（DOPAHC1）和透明质酸（Hyaluronic acid,HA）为原料,在水相中通过酰胺化反应成功制备出多巴胺改性的透明质酸（HA-DOPA）,其中,多巴胺的接枝率在15%左右。将HA-DOPA和牛血清蛋白（BSA）以一定浓度配制成溶液,当调节溶液pH值小于BSA等电点时,BSA与HA-DOPA通过静电作用得到粘性凝聚体。这种凝聚体具有优异的粘接性能,干燥条件下对铝板的剪切强度可以达到5 MPa左右,湿润条件下对于猪表皮组织的剪切强度达到约25 kPa。此外,凝聚体还具有优异的自修复性能,加上良好的生物相容性,为其在生物医学领域的应用奠定了基础。5.以透明质酸及聚乙烯醇（PVA）为原材料,在不添加任何引发剂、交联剂的条件下,通过冻融--退火工艺制备得到PVA/HA水凝胶。之后再浸入一定浓度的Fe3+溶液,使得Fe3+和HA主链上的羧基利用静电作用交联,形成水凝胶的第二层网络,从而得到高强度PVA/HA-Fe3+双网络水凝胶。系统地研究了PVA和HA质量比、退火温度、Fe3+浓度等对水凝胶机械强度的影响。通过条件优化,这种水凝胶的模量（Elastic modulus）最高可以达到4.9 MPa,韧性（Toughness）达到19.6 MJ/m3。同时,这种水凝胶的前驱液具有一定的粘弹性,可以适用于3D打印技术,通过3D打印能加工成不同形状的器件,在生物组织及支架材料等领域有着广阔的应用前景。

欧洲第一家水下餐厅

凌亮

来源详细信息

“海洋功能性酶的开发应用”课程的教改认识与实践

费辉黄萌萌

浙江理工大学

来源详细信息

Developing A Marine Biorefinery For The Production Of Fuels And Fertilizer From The Hydrothermal Liquefaction Of Macroalgae

Sofia Raikova

University of Bath

来源详细信息

关键词： Hydrothermal liquefaction macroalgae Sustainability marine plastic biofuel

摘要： Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising, low-energy route for the conversion of wet biomass, such as macroalgae, to bio-crude oils, which can be upgraded to advanced biofuels. Co-products of HTL, such as the nutrient-rich aqueous phase, can also be valorised within a biorefinery paradigm. This project sought to explore the effects of feedstock variation and quality on the products from the HTL process. Initially, a comprehensive screen of a wide range of species of UK macroalgae specific to the South West was undertaken, encompassing all three major macroalgae classes and the correlation between biomass biochemical composition and HTL reactivity was assessed. The complexity of interactions occurring under HTL conditions meant that a simple additive model based on crude biochemical breakdown was insufficient to account for reactivity across all species and predict bio-crude yields. Macroalgae belonging to the genus Ulva gave the highest yields of bio-crude, and would be expected to be a promising feedstock for an HTL biorefinery based in the South West of the UK. Although Ulva presented a promising HTL feedstock in the UK, geographical and environmental effects are known to affect the biochemical composition of macroalgae. As such, the impact of geographical variability on the production of bio-crude from a single species of macroalgae was assessed. One of the highest bio-crude producers from the UK, Ulva intestinalis, was selected and sampled across a 1,200 km stretch of Swedish coastline before being processed using HTL. Geographical variability in macroalgae composition was substantial across the sampling spectrum, including between sites a short distance apart, resulting in significant levels of variation in bio-crude yield and aqueous phase product composition. As such, suitable feedstock species for future biorefineries will need to be individually assessed for each location, even for locations within relatively close proximity. A functioning macroalgal

“觉民教育”理念下的“海洋文化特色学校建设”畅想

全淑琴

湛江经济技术开发区第一中学

来源详细信息